Phenazine methosulphate

Folin–Ciocalteau’s reagent, bovine serum albumin, ABTS, acarbose, sodium dodecyl sulfate, EDTA, sodium bicarbonate, α-glucosidase, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, acetylcholinesterase, lipopolysaccharide, acetylcholine iodide, DTNB, TPTZ, chlorogenic acid, DMSO, and Trolox were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glycine was purchased from J.T.Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). DPPH, phenazine methosulphate, and nitroblue tetrazolium were supplied from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Butyl hydroxytoluene, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate were supplied from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Ammonium persulfate and TEMED were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Tween20 was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetic acid was supplied from Macron Fine Chemicals (Center Valley, PA, USA). Iron (III) chloride, aluminum chloride, as well as p-Nitro-phenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). Disodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium peroxodisulfate, and potassium dihydrogenphosphate were obtained from SHOWA Chemical Co. (Sun Valley, CA, USA).

Quercetin was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, tyrosinase, gallic acid, α-glucosidase, 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), bovine serum albumin, and Trolox were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium peroxodisulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from SHOWA Chemical Co. Ltd. (Chuo-ku, Japan). Ferric chloride (FeCl₃), p-nitro-phenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and phenazine methosulphate (PMS) were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Potassium acetate, acarbose, sodium acetate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) were acquired from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Arbutin was purchased from AK Scientific. Acetic acid was supplied by Avantor Performance Materials, LLC. (Radnor, PA, USA).

Gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, hydrogen peroxide solution, α-glucosidase, acetylthiocholine iodide, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), acetylcholinesterase, 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine, and Trolox were bought from Sigma-Aldrich. Nitroblue tetrazolium, 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl, loroglucinol, and phenazine methosulphate were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside were bought from Alfa Aesar. Potassium dihydrogenphosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium peroxodisulfate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, and sodium carbonate were bought from the Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium acetate, butyl hydroxytoluene, potassium acetate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were supplied by Acros Organics. Galanthamine hydrobromide was bought from MedchemExpress.