Bx51 light microscope

Manufactured by Olympus

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Canada, United Kingdom, China, Australia

The Olympus BX51 is a light microscope designed for high-quality observation and imaging. It features a robust optical system, including a Plan-Achromat objective lens, to provide clear and accurate imaging. The BX51 is capable of bright-field, dark-field, and polarized light microscopy techniques.

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Lab products found in correlation

Oil red o, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Avidin biotin peroxidase complex solution, by Vector Laboratories (8 mentions) Zoletil, by Virbac (8 mentions) Dp72 digital camera, by Olympus (8 mentions) Permount, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Dp70 camera, by Olympus (6 mentions) Mayer s hematoxylin, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Dp70 digital camera, by Olympus (6 mentions) Nile red, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Dp73 camera, by Olympus (5 mentions) Dp20 microscope camera, by Olympus (5 mentions) Dp72 camera, by Olympus (5 mentions) 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Microtome, by Leica (5 mentions) Dp12 digital camera, by Olympus (4 mentions) Dp2 bsw software, by Olympus (3 mentions) E330 camera, by Olympus (3 mentions) Dp soft, by Olympus (3 mentions) Hematoxylin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) 1720 cryostat, by Leica (3 mentions)

520 protocols using bx51 light microscope

Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Small Intestine

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Small intestine fragments of all animals were washed and immediately placed in 4% buffered formalin in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 for 3 h at room temperature before being embedded in low-temperature fusion paraffin. Sections of 3 μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to highlight the degree of inflammation, Masson’s trichrome to detect the deposition of connective tissue and fibrosis, and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) to assess changes in the amount of goblet cells.
The stained sections were then observed under an Olympus BX51 Light Microscope (Olympus Optical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
For immunohistochemical analysis, the samples were incubated for 40 min in methanol and then in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 5 min. The specimens were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the specific antibodies reported in Table 2.
Finally, the specimens were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin, mounted, and observed under an Olympus BX51 Light Microscope (Olympus, Optical Co. Ltd., Segrate, Italy). To control the specificity of the immunohistochemistry, all reactions included negative controls (sections were incubated omitting the primary antibody).

Sferra R., Pompili S., Cappariello A., Gaudio E., Latella G, & Vetuschi A. (2021). Prolonged Chronic Consumption of a High Fat with Sucrose Diet Alters the Morphology of the Small Intestine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(14), 7280.

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Histological Analysis of Skin Samples

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Skin samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 24 hours, then dehydrated, cleared, infiltrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4-μm-thick serial sections. The sections were dewaxed and subjected to HE or Weigert staining. Slides with HE-stained skin sections were observed under an Olympus BX51 light microscope (100×; Olympus, Japan), and the histological structure and changes in the epidermis and dermis, as well as the arrangement of collagen fibers in the dermis, were documented. Five fields were randomly selected from each slide and the thickness of the dermis was measured using Image Pro 6.0 software. The Weigert-stained slides were observed under an Olympus BX51 light microscope (400×) to determine the appearance of the elastic fibers. Denaturation of the elastic fibers was classified according to Kligman’s grading system:³¹ 0, no change; 1+, increase without thickening; 2+, some hyperplasia with thickening and distortion; 3+, obvious hyperplasia, thickening, distortion, and often bifurcation; and 4+, dermis completely replaced by high-density, thickened, twisted, disordered fibers with irregular amorphous deposits.

Zhou R., Wang M., Zhang X., Chen A., Fei Y., Zhao Q., Guo D., Chen H, & Zheng S. (2020). Therapeutic effect of concentrated growth factor preparation on skin photoaging in a mouse model. The Journal of International Medical Research, 48(10), 0300060520962946.

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Tumor Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis

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Adjacent sections were stained with Masson’s trichrome staining to visualize collagen in tumors. On day 30, the mice were immediately euthanized and their tumors were excised. Tumor tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin blocks. The sections (4-μm-thick) were cut and stained with H&E and Masson’s trichrome. Then, the sections were observed under an Olympus BX-51 light microscope.
For immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor tissues were cut into 7-μm-thick sections and fixed in acetone for 15 min. The sections were incubated using the following primary antibodies: CD31 (1:200 dilution, sc-53411, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) and Ki67 (1:200 dilution, sc-101861, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). Anti-mouse FITC-IgG₁ and Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-mouse IgG (H + L) were used as secondary antibodies, respectively. TdT-UTP transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed using the one step TUNEL kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Haimen, China) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The nuclei were labeled with DAPI. All sections were observed under an Olympus BX-51 light microscope and analyzed with Image-Pro Plus analysis software.

Liang H., Li X., Wang B., Chen B., Zhao Y., Sun J., Zhuang Y., Shi J., Shen H., Zhang Z, & Dai J. (2016). A collagen-binding EGFR antibody fragment targeting tumors with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Scientific Reports, 6, 18205.

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Cell Wall Imaging in Arabidopsis Stems

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Arabidopsis inflorescence stems were taken 0.5 cm above the rosette of eight-week-old plants. Samples were fixed in FAA solution, dehydrated via a series of ethanol gradients, and embedded in paraplast. For light microscopy, 8 μm-thick sections were stained with 0.5 % (w/v) toluidine blue O (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 min and rinsed with water. The sections were photographed with a BX51 light microscope (OLYMPUS).
For the immunolabelling, sections were incubated with the LM10 antibody (1/20 dilution) for 2 h, then washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline, followed by incubation with rabbit anti-rat Alexa Fluor488-conjugated secondary antibody (1/100 dilution) in the dark for 1 h. Images were captured using a BX51 light microscope (OLYMPUS) equipped with fluorescent light.
For transmission electron microscopy, samples were embedded in Spurr’s resin. Ultra-thin sections (70 nm) were viewed by a H-7650 electron microscope (HITACHI). Cell wall thickness was measured in metaxylem vessels and interfascicular fibres using the software SmileView (JEOL). For each construct, at least three transgenic lines with the most severe phenotypes were examined.

Wang X., Tang Q., Zhao X., Jia C., Yang X., He G., Wu A., Kong Y., Hu R, & Zhou G. (2016). Functional conservation and divergence of Miscanthus lutarioriparius GT43 gene family in xylan biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biology, 16, 102.

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Microscopic Analysis of Insect Circulatory System

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During vivisection, ICs of selected larger specimens of B. townsendi were excised and their contents extracted using a plastic pipette. The liquid was placed on a glass slide, covered, and immediately observed using a BX51 light microscope (Olympus Scientific Solutions Inc.) with attached QIClick monochrome digital video camera (Teledyne QImaging Inc., Surrey, BC, Canada). A representative video was edited using Windows 10 Video-Editor software (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, CA, United States) and saved as an MPEG-4 file. In addition, semi-thin sections (1 μm) of excised ICs were obtained on an EM UC6 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) from epoxy resin-embedded samples originally prepared for TEM. The semi-thin sections were placed on slides, stained using toluidine blue, covered, and imaged using a BX51 light microscope with attached CC-12 digital camera (Olympus Soft Imaging Systems GmbH, Münster, Germany).

Ziegler A., Gilligan A.M., Dillon J.G, & Pernet B. (2020). Schizasterid Heart Urchins Host Microorganisms in a Digestive Symbiosis of Mesozoic Origin. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1697.

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Intestinal Morphology Histological Analysis

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Morphological indices were determined according to the previous study (Heidarieh et al., 2012 (link)). In this regard, 8 complete intestinal villi of each slice were randomly selected to measure the height and width of villus and crypt depth. The formalin-fixed samples were washed with water, dehydrated in alcohol, clarified in xylene, and embedded in paraffin. Cross segments of each intestinal portion (5 µm thick) heated (55–60°C), dewaxed with xylene, hydrated, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, fixed with neutral balsam, heated for 4 h (55–60°C), and observed by employing a BX51 Olympus light microscope (Tokyo, Japan). The histomorphological evaluation was conducted and interpreted by qualified staffs.

Eskandani M., Navidshad B., Eskandani M., Vandghanooni S., Aghjehgheshlagh F.M., Nobakht A, & Shahbazfar A.A. (2022). The effects of L-carnitine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on performance, antioxidant parameters, and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in laying hens. Poultry Science, 101(12), 102162.

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Histopathological Analysis of Resveratrol-Treated Rat Kidneys

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Twenty-four hours after treatment with resveratrol, the rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 3% sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Kidney tissues were sampled and fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, and sectioned onto glass slides at a thickness of 5 μm. The renal tissue sections were then dried, dewaxed, and hydrated in ethanol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 5 min, rinsed with tap water, and mounted with glass coverslips. Histology was performed at a magnification of ×400 using a BX51 Olympus light microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). According to the degree of tubular necrosis, cell swelling, vacuolation, and exfoliation of the renal tubular epithelial cells, a five-point quantitative histological scoring method was used [19 (link)], as follows: 0, <10%; 1, 10–25%; 2, 25–50%; 3, 50–75%; 4, 75–100%.

Sun Z., Zheng W., Teng J., Fang Z, & Lin C. (2020). Resveratrol Reduces Kidney Injury in a Rat Model of Uremia and is Associated with Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e919086-1-e919086-11.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Testicular Apoptosis

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Slides for immunohistochemistry, were rehydrated and quenched in 3% H 2 O 2 (Thermo Scientific, Fremont, CA, USA). Heat-activated antigen retrieval was performed in Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer (Merck) at pH 6.0. Non-specific binding was eliminated via Ultra V Block (Thermo Scientific). One of the sections in each slide was stained with rabbit active caspase-3 antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA. USA. Cat. # ab44976), while second section was stained with goat anti-polyvalent solution (Thermo) instead of primary antibody as control for non-specific reactions. Tissues were incubated with primary antibodies at +4°C overnight within a humidified chamber. goat anti-polyvalent solution (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as secondary antibody. 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining was performed with UltraVision Plus Large Volume Detection Kit (Thermo Scientific), and slides were counterstained with haematoxylin. Tubules examined under Olympus BX51 light microscope (Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were evaluated according to semiquantitative method (McCarty et al. 1986) , which is adapted to testes slides (Gunduz et al. 2009 ). The number of counted spermatogenic cells was increased to 100 for each animal for the study. Caspase-3-positive cells per 100 spermatogenic cells were determined.

Aslan Koşar P., Tuncer H., Cihangir Uğuz A., Espino Palma J., Darıcı H., Onaran İ., Çiğ B., Koşar A, & Rodriguez Moratinos A.B. (2015). The efficiency of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) cleavage on detection of apoptosis in an experimental model of testicular torsion. International journal of experimental pathology, 96(5).

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Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Analysis

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Colonic samples were also promptly fixed in 4% buffered formalin in PBS for 3 h at room temperature, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in low-melting paraffin. Sections of 3 μm in thickness were incubated in methanol and in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 15 min. The specimens were incubated overnight at 4 °C with specific antibodies. The samples were washed in PBS for 5 min and finally incubated for 1 h at room temperature with the appropriate secondary antibody, horseradish (HRP) (EnVision^® + Dual Link System-HRP (DAB+); Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) or fluorophore conjugated. Finally, for IHC, the sections were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin and mounted with Eukitt medium, while for IF, the sections were mounted with Fluorlast with DAPI medium for nuclear counterstaining (Biovision, Milpitas, CA, USA). The specimens were observed under an Olympus BX51 light microscope equipped with a laser source (Olympus, Optical Co., Ltd.).

Pompili S., Vetuschi A., Latella G., Smakaj A., Sferra R, & Cappariello A. (2023). PPAR-Gamma Orchestrates EMT, AGE, and Cellular Senescence Pathways in Colonic Epithelium and Restrains the Progression of IBDs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10), 8952.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of KISS-1 in Pregnancy

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Two pathologists who were blinded to the pregnancy stage and outcomes analyzed all sections. Immunohistochemical staining was evaluated by scanning whole sections for antibodies using a BX51 light microscope (Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 4×, 10×, 20×, and 40× magnification. KISS-1 proteins were mainly located in the glandular epithelium, decidualized stromal cells, cytotrophoblasts, and syncytiotrophoblasts.
The results are expressed as ratios (%) of positivity based on staining intensity scored as 0 (negative), 1+ (low), 2+ (moderate), and 3+ (strong). Ratios (%) of stained cells were: 0 (<10%), 1 (10–25%), 2 (10–50%), 3 (51–80%), and 4 (>80%). The final score was calculated as the product of the ratio of stained cells and staining intensity, resulting in weak (0–2), moderate (3–6), and strong (8) KiSS-1 expression [15 (link)].

Colak E., Ozcimen E.E., Erinanç O.H., Tohma Y.A, & Ceran M.U. (2020). Is placental KISS-1 expression associated with first trimester abortion spontaneous?. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 63(4), 490-496.

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