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39 protocols using agilent 8453 uv vis spectrophotometer

1

Catalase Decomposition Activity Assay

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The activities of free catalase, co-immobilized catalase, and independently immobilized catalase were determined by following the decomposition of H2O2 [62 (link)]. The hybrid nanoflowers containing enzymes (5 mg) were suspended in 50 mL of deionized water and allowed to stand for 5 min. A suitable amount of catalyst sample (100 µL of 0.1 mg/mL co-immobilized catalase, 100 µL of 0.1 mg/mL independently immobilized catalase, or 100 µL of 0.01 mg/mL free catalase) was added to 10 mL of 12 mM H2O2 to start the decomposition reaction. The separation of co-immobilized catalase and independently immobilized catalase from the reaction media was carried out by the filtration steps described above. The absorbance decrease of filtrate at 240 nm (ε = 43.6 M−1 cm−1) was monitored using the Agilent 8453 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The determination of the activity of free enzymes followed the same procedure, but without the filtration step. One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme that decomposed 1.0 µ mol of H2O2 per minute per milligram of catalase encapsulated into the hybrid nanoflowers, or free catalase under the conditions described.
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2

DNA Adduct Analysis via LC-MS

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Cell pellets (1.5 – 2 × 106) were homogenized in TE buffer (300 μL, 50 mM Tris-HCl containing 10 mM EDTA, and 10 mM BME, pH 8.0) and DNA was purified with the Gentra Puregene kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) (Cai et al. 2017 (link)). The DNA was washed with 70%, ethanol and reconstituted in LC/MS grade water. The concentration of DNA was determined using an Agilent 8453 UV/vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Ten μg of DNA were spiked with isotopically labeled internal standards ([13C10]-dG-C8–4-ABP, [13C10]-dG-C8-PhIP, [13C10]-dG-C8-AαC, [2H3C]-dG-C8-MeIQx, each at a level of 1 adducts per 107 nucleotides) and were digested with a cocktail of enzymes in 5 mM Bis-Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.1) as previously described (Goodenough et al. 2007 (link); Nauwelaers et al. 2011 (link)). Isotopically labeled 2-NA DNA adducts were not available, and [13C10]-dG-C8–4-ABP was used as a surrogate internal standard assuming similar ionization efficiencies for all adducts.
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3

Comparative Enzyme Assay of Immobilized and Free HRP

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The activities of free horseradish peroxidase, co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase, and independently immobilized horseradish peroxidase were assayed using pyrogallol and H2O2 as substrates [63 ]. The reaction mixture contained: 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, 10 mM H2O2 and 13 mM pyrogallol, and a suitable amount of catalyst sample (100 µL of 0.1 mg/mL co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase, 100 µL of 0.1 mg/mL independently immobilized horseradish peroxidase or 100 µL of 0.01 mg/mL free horseradish peroxidase) in a final volume of 20 mL. The reaction mixture was incubated at 30 °C for 3 min. The absorbance increase at 430 nm (ε = 2.47 mM−l cm−1) was detected using the Agilent 8453 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. As mentioned above, co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase and independently immobilized horseradish peroxidase were separated by a filtration step to complete the UV-VIS detection. One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme that produced 1.0 µ mol of purpurogallin per minute per milligram of horseradish peroxidase encapsulated into the hybrid nanoflowers, or free horseradish peroxidase.
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4

Quantifying β-Carotene Encapsulation in SLNs

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Starting with a stock solution of pure β-carotene in n-hexane, sequential dilutions were made in duplicate, and the absorbance at 450 nm was read in triplicate using an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany). The calibration curve was linear, with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.99227, over a concentration range of 0.5–5.0 µg/mL. The overall amount of β-carotene loaded in the suspension was determined by drying 200 µL of SLN and solubilizing the residue in a known volume of n-hexane (10 mL). Then, solutions were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the β-carotene concentration. Finally, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SLN was determined using the following equation: %EE=βcarotene quantified in the SLNβcarotene initially added to the lipid× 100
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5

Soxhlet Extraction and UV-Vis Polyphenol Analysis

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A Soxhlet apparatus was used for drug extraction. The quantitative analysis of the polyphenolic substances was performed with an Agilent 8453 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, Germany) equipped with PC -HP 845x UV—Visible System (Agilent, Germany) and 1 cm quartz cuvettes.
With the exception of the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent (FCR), casein (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and quercetin (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) all chemicals and reagents for polyphenol analysis were of analytical quality grade and were supplied by Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia).
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6

Kinetics of NahK Decarboxylation Reaction

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The NahK decarboxylation activity at 25 °C was monitored by following the rate of appearance of the product 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate at 265 nm (ε = 7,850 M−1 cm−1(12 (link))) in an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies). The reaction mixtures consisted of 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer in the pH range 6–8, 5 mM MgCl2, and 0.5 µg/mL of NahK. The reaction was initiated by addition of the substrate (1.6–48.0 µM) in a final reaction volume of 1.0 mL. The stock solution of substrate (2-oxo-3-hexenedioate) was generated enzymatically by the action of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (XylH (6 )) on 2-hydroxymuconate. The 2-hydroxymuconate was previously dissolved in ethanol then made up in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The Vmax and KM values, and their standard errors, were estimated by non-linear regression of the initial rate of the reactions versus the concentration of the substrate to the Michaelis-Menten equation using the software GraFit (Erathicus Software Ltd., Staines, U.K.).
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7

Platinum@Silver Nanoflowers Synthesis and Characterization

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Silver nitrate (AgNO3), chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6·6H2O), bovine serum albumin (BSA), ascorbic acid (AA), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), cysteine (Cys) and glucose (Glu) were purchased in Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Uric acid (UA), uricase, dopamine (DA), and glutathione (GSH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Urea, hydrogen peroxide (30 wt% H2O2), KNO3, Mg (NO3)2, NaCl, CaCl2 were obtained from Beijing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All reagents are analytical grade and do not require further treatment. Experimental water was ultrapure water (18.25 MΩ, Millipore, USA).
UV-vis spectral measurements were recorded on Agilent 8453 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The morphology of the Pt@Ag NFs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100, JEOL Co., Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out on EscaLab 250Xi with Al K α X-ray radiation as the source for excitation. Biochemical analysis was measured using biochemical analyzer (AU2007, Beckman, Olympus, USA).
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8

Spectrophotometric and HPLC-based Assays

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Individual assays were measured spectrophotometrically using an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies). Organic acids were measured by HPLC (Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific). Labeled acetate and formate were analyzed by GC-MS (Agilent Technologies). Details are provided in SI Appendix.
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9

Quantifying HDL Oxidation Kinetics

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HDL (0.01 mg/mL cholesterol, final) was incubated with XO (14.3 µU/mL, final, Sigma-Aldrich, X4500, St. Louis, MO), xanthine (0.02 µM, final, Sigma-Aldrich, X7379, St. Louis, MO), and Hb (0, 4 and 16 mg/dL, final, Sigma-Aldrich, X7375) at room temperature for 100 min, during which A234 nm was recorded by Agilent 8453 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). The initial rate of HDL conjugated diene formation/oxidation was expressed as the slope of linear regression of A234 nm over the first 40 min.
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10

Characterizing Absorption and Fluorescence of Organic Dimers

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Absorption spectra were measured using an Agilent 8453 UV/Vis spectrophotometer. A Fluoromax‐4 spectrofluorometer (Jobin–Yvon, Horiba) was used for measuring fluorescence spectra of dimers 2, 3 and 4, fluorescence spectra of dimer 1 were measured by an Ocean Optics QE 6500 spectrometer. The temperature of cuvette in the fluorometer was controlled by a Peltier thermostated cuvette holder (F3004, Jobin–Yvon, Horiba) to 0.5 °C accuracy. Quartz cuvettes with 10 mm path length were used. The concentration of the dimers for absorption and fluorescence measurements was 0.33 μm leading to absorbance of ≈0.1.
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