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Alexa fluor 488 labeled anti rabbit

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Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-rabbit is a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody used for detection and visualization of rabbit primary antibodies in various immunoassay applications, such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. The Alexa Fluor 488 dye provides bright, photostable fluorescence with excitation and emission maxima at 495 and 519 nm, respectively.

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9 protocols using alexa fluor 488 labeled anti rabbit

1

Immunostaining of PKP1 and RYBP

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A total of 35,000 cells of MRC-5 or MDA-MB-231 cell lines were seeded into twenty-four-well plates on coverslips. After 24 h, they were fixed with PFA at 4% concentration and blocked with FBS/PBS (1×) (50 μL/mL). Next, cells were incubated with anti-PKP1 (1:100, mouse; Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain) and anti-RYBP (1:100, rabbit; homemade) antibodies [1 (link)]. After washing out the first antibody, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 568-labeled anti-mouse (1:500) and Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-rabbit (1:500) secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain); the DAPI reagent was used to stain the nucleus. Coverslips were mounted in Prolong™ Gold Antifade Reagent (Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain) and analyzed using a confocal microscope LSM900 with Airyscan 2 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at 63× magnification.
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2

PADI4 and MDM2 Protein Localization

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An amount of 30,000 cells of HGUE‐GB‐42, SW‐480 and RWP‐1 cell lines were seeded into 24‐well plates on coverslips. After 24 h, they were fixed with paraformaldehyde at 4% concentration and blocked with FBS/PBS (phosphate buffered saline) (1×) (50 μL/mL). Next, cells were incubated with anti‐PADI4 (1:200, mouse; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and anti‐MDM2 (1:100, rabbit, Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain) primary antibodies. After washing out the first antibody, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 568‐labeled anti‐mouse (1:500) and Alexa Fluor 488‐labeled anti‐rabbit (1:500) secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain); the DAPI reagent was used to stain the nucleus. Coverslips were mounted in Prolong™ Gold Antifade Reagent (Invitrogen, Barcelona, Spain) and analyzed using a Zeiss Axioscope 5 microscope with the LED light source Colibri 3 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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3

Immunofluorescence Assay for Endothelial Junctions

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Cells were transfected with siRNA as described above, and 24 h posttransfection, ECs were harvested and seeded (8 × 104 cells) on 8 mm ø glass coverslips in triplicate. After 24 h, cells were exposed to EBM-2 with 0.1% FBS for 8 h. 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS with Ca2+ and Mg2+and 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to fix cells and block unspecific binding sites, respectively. Then, cells were incubated with a monoclonal rabbit anti-VE-cadherin diluted to 1 : 400 (Cell Signaling Technology) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-ZO-1 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) diluted to 1 : 50 in 0.5% BSA in PBS for 18 h at 4°C. After incubation with the secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor© 488-labeled anti-rabbit (1 : 200, 1 h, Invitrogen) and Alexa Fluor© 555-labeled anti-rabbit (1 : 200, 1 h) were used for 1 h at room temperature, and then the protocol was completed according to Terzuoli et al. [19 (link)]. Leica SP5 confocal microscopy (63x objective) was used to capture images of stained cells.
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4

Assessing scFv-Fc Reactivity by Flow Cytometry

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Maintenance of reactivity after scFv‐Fc reformatting was first assessed by flow cytometry using the same protocol described for scFv‐phages. Briefly, scFv‐Fc was diluted at 10 µg/mL in PBS buffer and incubated with beads coated with protein extracts from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions (5 µg/mL) at 4°C under rotation for 3 hours. This was followed by incubation with rabbit anti‐human Fcγ primary (1:65 dilution; Jackson Immunoresearch) and Alexa Fluor 488–labeled anti‐rabbit (1:30 dilution, Life Technologies) secondary antibodies.
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5

Multicolor Immunofluorescence Staining of FFPE Samples

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Paraffin-embedded samples were sectioned at 4 μm thickness.
Antigen retrieval was performed by a pressure cooker for (95°C for 30
min) in Antigen Unmarking Solution (Vector Laboratories, Cat# H-3300).
Sections were then blocked in PBS containing 2% bovine serum albumin for 1
hr at room temperature. For dual immunofluorescence staining, the slides
were incubated in the mixture of two primary antibodies overnight at 4
oC. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit
anti-CXCR2 (Abcam, Cat# ab14935), rat anti-Gr-1 (BioLegend, Cat# 108401),
mouse anti-Cytokeratin Pan (Abcam, Cat# ab7753), rabbit anti-CD4 (Abcam,
Cat# ab183685), rabbit anti-CD8 (Bioss, Cat# bs-0648R), and rat anti-FOXP3
(eBioscience, Cat# 14–4771-80). The slides were washed with cold PBS
and incubated with the mixture of two secondary antibodies which are raised
in different species for 1 hr at room temperature in dark. The following
secondary antibodies were used: Alexa Fluor 488 labeled anti-rabbit (Life
Technologies, Cat# A11008), Alexa Fluor 594 labeled anti-rat (Life
Technologies, Cat# A11007), Alexa Fluor 488 labeled anti-mouse (Life
Technologies, Cat# A11001), and Alexa Fluor 594 labeled anti-mouse (Life
Technologies, Cat# A21203). Slides were counter-stained with DAPI/anti-fade
mounting medium (Vector Laboratories) and examined by fluorescence
microscopy (Leica DFC345 FX).
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6

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Analysis of Tumor Samples

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Immunofluorescence analyses were conducted on frozen sections of dissected tumors. After death, tumors were embedded in OCT (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany), and blocks were sectioned (7 µm thickness) using a cryostat (CM1900, Leica). Frozen sections were accomplished by a standard immunostaining procedure. Briefly, sections were incubated with primary anti-USP47 (Bethyl, 1:333 dilution), anti-p53 (Santa Cruz, 1:333 dilution), and anti-MDM2 (Calbiochem, 1:333 dilution) antibodies at 4 °C overnight, respectively, followed by Alexa Fluor-488-labeled anti-rabbit (Life Technologies). Tissues were counterstained with mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) containing DAPI solution. For the detection of apoptotic cells, the tumor sections were stained using an in situ cell death detection kit (Roche) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Sections were counterstained with mounting medium. All fluorescence images were obtained by confocal microscopy (LSM700, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and processed by ZEN software (Carl Zeiss). Fluorescence intensities were quantified by ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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7

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Transfected Cells

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Twenty four hours after siRNA or Cas9/sgRNA RNP transfection, U2OS cells were seeded on black 96-well bottom-glass plates. After 3 additional days of incubation, cells were simultaneously fixed and permeabilized (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% Triton X-100) for 10 min at room temperature. Cells were incubated in blocking solution (3% BSA in TBS-Tween 0.1%) for 1 hr and then with primary antibody diluted in blocking solution for 1.5 hr at room temperature or overnight at 4°C. Cells were washed 3 times with TBS-T and then incubated for 1 hr at room temperature with the appropriate secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-rabbit and Alexa Fluor 594-labeled goat anti-mouse at 1:1,000 dilution (A-11008 and A-11005, Thermo Fisher Scientific). After three washes in TBS-T, cells were incubated with DAPI for 5 min at room temperature to counterstain nuclei. Multi-color acquisitions were made using the ImageXpress Nano Automated Imaging System microscope (Molecular Devices) equipped with a 40× Plan Apo objective (0.95 numerical aperture). An integrated imaging software (MetaXpress 6) was used for image analysis. At least 300 cells per experimental point were analyzed, and each experiment was repeated at least 2 times independently.
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8

Immunofluorescence Staining of VE-Cadherin

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After particle flow (see above), cells were fixed with 4% PFA, washed twice with PBS 1%-BSA 0.2%-Triton for 5 min. Before and after hybridization with the primary antibody (anti-VE-cadherin Ab-33168 “Abcam” - Cambridge, UK) cells were washed with PBS 1%-BSA. Secondary antibody hybridization was performed using Alexa Fluor® 488 labeled anti-rabbit (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Nuclei were stained using DAPI (Figs 3A and 4C). Images were taken using an Inverted Nikon FLUO-Scope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Data were analyzed with Nikon software ND2. For particle immunofluorescence, samples were prepared as described above for flow cytometry. After particle conjugation with antibody, 105 particles were seeded on an 8-well Nunc® Lab-Tek® Chamber Slide™ (Thermo Scientific). Images were acquired with a Nikon A1 confocal imaging system and analyzed with Nikon NIS Elements software (Nikon).
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9

53BP1 Immunofluorescence Assay for DNA Damage

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53BP1 immunofluorescence cellular assay was performed as previously described (Taglialatela et al., 2021 (link)). SUV420 KO, SUV420H1, SUV420H1R286A and SUV420h1ΔC-terminus mouse fibroblast cells were collected, counted, and 6000 cells were seeded on black 96-well bottom-glass plates. After 24h the cells were exposed to 1 μM etoposide for 30 min and given 24h, 4h, 2h, 1h or 0h to recover after etoposide removal before the cells were simultaneously fixed and permeabilized (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% Triton X-100) for 10 min at room temperature. Cells were incubated in blocking solution (3% BSA in TBS-Tween 0.1%) for 1h with primary antibody (anti-53BP1, Rabbit polyclonal, Bethyl #A300–272A) diluted in blocking solution overnight at 4°C. After three washes with TBS-T the cells were incubated for 1 hr at room temperature with the secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-rabbit at 1:1,000 dilution (A-11008, Thermo Fisher Scientific). After three washes in TBS-T, cells were incubated with DAPI for 5 min at room temperature to stain nuclei. Image acquisitions were made using the ImageXpress Nano Automated Imaging System microscope (Molecular Devices).The imaging software MetaXpress 6 was used to automate image analysis. The experiment was done with three biological replicates for each clone.
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