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29 protocols using prolab rmh 3000

1

Rat Housing and Care Protocol

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All female and male rats were purchased from Envigo (Raleigh, NC, United States) and were 7 weeks of age on arrival. Animals were given ad lib access to standard rat chow (ProLab RMH 3000, LabDiet, Brentwood, MD, United States) and water except during experimental conditions. All animal experiments were conducted following the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocols in compliance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Research Animals established by the Wake Forest University Health Sciences (WFUHS) Animal Studies Committee.
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2

High-Fat Diet Feeding Protocol in Mice

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Six‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice (N = 28) (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Maine) were housed in groups of two to three in shoe box cages and were maintained on a reverse light–dark cycle. Mice were separated into a control group given standard rodent chow (3.46 kcal/g; 26% protein, 14% fat, and 60% carbohydrate) (Prolab RMH 3000, catalog number 5P00; LabDiet, St. Louis, Missouri) (Figure 1A) or into a limited‐access (LimA) group given 2‐hour access to a high‐fat diet (5.21 kcal/g; 20% protein, 60% fat, and 20% carbohydrate) (Diet‐Induced Obesity [DIO], catalog number D12492; Research Diets, New Brunswick, New Jersey) (online Supporting Information) 3 d/wk beginning 3 hours into the dark cycle (Figure 1B). Standard chow was not available during the 2‐hour high‐fat access. Food intake for each cage was measured daily for both groups and after 30‐minute and 2‐hour high‐fat access periods in the LimA group. Cage intake was divided by number of mice per cage to calculate daily kilocalories. Animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Wake Forest School of Medicine, in accordance with the NIH and Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care guidelines.
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3

Aging C57BL/6 Mouse Cohort Protocol

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Three-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River (St. Constant, Quebec, Canada). Mice were housed in groups of 3 to 5 littermates per cage (Individually Ventilated Caging System, Allentown Inc., Allentown, NJ) and raised in the Dalhousie University Carlton Animal Care Facility for up to 16 months before experiments were initiated. This is a clean, multispecies facility dedicated to housing-specific pathogen-free mice and rats. Mice were maintained at 21°C with 35% humidity. Animals experienced a 12-hour light–dark cycle with ad libitum access to food (Prolab RMH3000, LabDiet, St. Louis, MO) and water. Animal husbandry duties were performed in animal transfer stations. Our studies were approved by the Dalhousie University Committee on Laboratory Animals and conformed to the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines. Frailty scores for some mice in the present study (n = 21) were included in a previous publication (23 (link)) where they were examined with respect to different outcomes (eg, myocyte stimulation; quantification of myofilament proteins). Frailty scores for most mice and the outcomes measured here have not been previously reported.
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4

High-fat Diet Effects on Mice

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All animal protocols in this study were approved by the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Animal Ethics Committee (protocols 190606002, 170706033). The number of animals for each experiment was calculated to be a low as possible, yet enabling us to gain meaningful/reliable data, according to the work we previously published [34 (link)], as calculated by the free online sample size calculator at http://www.biomath.info. Animals were randomly assigned to the 2 test groups and always maintained in the same environment to avoid bias. All measurements and tests were performed in a blinded fashion. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J-Tg(Pomc-eGFP)1Low/J (Jackson Laboratory, #009593, Bar Harbor, ME, USA) male mice were fed with a regular diet (0001495, Prolab® RMH 3000, LabDiet, St. Louis, MO, USA) or a 40% high-fat diet (HFD, D12079B, Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 16 weeks. Mouse body weight was measured weekly.
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5

Lithium Chloride-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice

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CF-1 and Swiss-Webster mice were maintained at 20–26 °C, with dark/light cycles of 12 h and fed with pellet (Prolab RMH-3000, LabDiet) and water ad libitum. All carried experimental procedures were approved by the Bioethics Committee at Universidad de Concepción, Chile, and followed the norms imposed by the Bioethics Committee of the National Research and Development Agency, Chile (ANID). All animal procedures complied with ARRIVE73 (link) and were conducted in adult mice (3–4 months old) under sedation (2.5% v/v isofluorane with a 0.8–1 L/min oxygen mixture). Anesthetized mice were subjected to a daily single subcutaneous injection of 50 mM LiCl (Sigma-Aldrich) on the top of LAL muscles diluted in sterile PBS at room temperature. Depending of the experimental approach, mice were treated for consecutive 8 or 10 days. Control-treated groups were similarly injected with a 50 mM NaCl (Merck Millipore) solution. Before LAL muscle dissection, animals were euthanized by an overdose of isofluorane.
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6

Endothelial Cell-Specific Tfrc Knockout Mice

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Animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). To generate mice with deletion of Tfrc in endothelial cells, C57BL/6J mice harboring LoxP-flanked alleles of Tfrc (Jackson Laboratory 028363) were bred to C57BL/6N mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of an endothelial cell-specific Stabilin-2 (Stab2) promoter21 (link) (generously provided by Cyrill Géraud, Mannheim, Germany) to produce Tfrcfl/fl;Stab2-Cre+ and Tfrcfl/fl;Stab2-Cre−littermate controls. For Cre reporter studies, Stab2-Cre+ mice were bred to B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J (Jackson Laboratory 007909) Cre reporter mice.
Mice were housed in a temperature and humidity-controlled barrier facility on a 12-hour light-dark schedule and fed ad libitum with standard rodent chow (Prolab RMH 3000; LabDiet, 380 ppm iron). To model limited iron availability, mice were fed purified iron-limited diet (Envigo-Teklad TD190546, 20 ppm iron from ferric citrate) from 3–12 weeks of age. Iron content of the purified diets was confirmed by ICP-MS (Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory). For ferritin injections, juvenile 5-week-old mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg/g holo-ferritin (Sigma F4503) or solvent (PBS) for 6 hours.
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7

Transgenic Reporter Mice for Intestinal Cell Studies

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The following transgenic reporter mice were utilized: female and male Sox9-EGFP,42 (link) female Lgr5-EGFP,24 (link) female Prox1-EGFP,43 (link) female Pyy-EGFP mice,44 (link) male and female Defa6-CreERT;Rosa26-tdTomato mice,45 (link) and male and female Hopx-CreERT;Rosa26-tdTomato mice (JAX strains 017606, 007914; Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME). For the diet study, 8- to 10-week-old C57BL/6 wild-type mice and, either 8- to 10-week-old Lgr5-EGFP female mice (for histomorphometry and metabolic phenotyping) or adult 8- to 10-week-old Sox9-EGFP female mice (for cell sorting and RNA-seq), were fed ad libitum with either an LFD (14% kcal from fat; Prolab RMH3000 [LabDiet, St. Louis, MO]) or an HFD (45% kcal from fat; Research Diets D12451) for 16 weeks. Body weight, body composition and blood parameters were measured to confirm obesity phenotype. To mark cells in S-phase, EdU was administered by intraperitoneal injection (100 μg/25 g body weight) 90 minutes before euthanizing. The harvested small intestine was divided into 3 equal segments. The middle region was considered the jejunum. All animal procedures were performed with the approval and authorization of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at each participating institution.
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8

High-cholesterol Diet and Ezetimibe Effects

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All mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free animal facility in plastic cages at 22°C, with a daylight cycle from 6AM to 6P M. The mice were provided with water and a standard chow diet (Prolab RMH 3000; LabDiet, Brentwood, MO) ad libitum, unless stated otherwise. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at Wake Forest University Health Sciences and at University of Maryland.
At 6 weeks of age, male mice were fed a synthetic diet containing 10% energy from palm oil and 0.2% (w/w) cholesterol with or without ezetimibe (0.005% w/w) for 3 weeks prior to sacrifice during the daylight cycle after a 4h fast. Bile, blood, liver, and five equal segments of small intestine were collected from each mouse.
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9

Metabolic Regulation by PPAR-α and TNF-α

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Male C57Bl/6J wild type mice or TNFα receptor 1-deficient (TNFR1−/−; C57Bl/6- Tnfrsf1atm1Imx/J) mice were purchased from Jackson laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) while peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-deficient mice (PPARα−/−, B6.129S4-Pparatm1Gonz N12) on a C57Bl/6 background were obtained from Taconic (Hudson, NY). The PPARα and TNFR1 double (DKO) deficient mice were generated by cross-breeding in house. The genotypes of all animals were verified by standard PCR procedures using primer sequences from the suppliers. Each strain was maintained through established breeding protocols and kept within AALAC approved facilities and guidelines. The procedures for the care and treatment of mice were followed according to those set by East Carolina University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines. Male mice of each genotype were then fed a standard lab diet (Prolab RMH 3000, LabDiet. St. Louis, MO) for up to 40 weeks of age. Following feeding, the mice were sacrificed and serum and tissue collected for further analysis of routine parameters of liver injury and lipid accumulation.
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10

Murine Lighting Environment Study

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Animal handling and care followed the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the National Research Council. The protocols were approved by the Bioethics Commission of the Universidad Austral de Chile (Protocol 328/218). Eighteen mice between 21 and 65 days old (P21–P65) were used in this study.
C57BL/6J mice (Centro de Estudios Científicos, originally obtained from the Jackson Laboratory) were housed in our animal facility at the Universidad Austral de Chile. All animals used in this study had unrestricted access to water and food (ad libitum). Animals were fed with a standard diet (Prolab RMH 3000, Labdiet). The light sources used in this study were white LED and were calibrated using a lux meter (HI 95500, Hanna) to 150 lux for LD and 5 lux for dLAN, respectively (spectra at 150 and 5 lux shown in Supplementary Figure S3).
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