Tga 8000

The thermal stability of LLDDNP in an air atmosphere was investigated utilizing a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA 8000, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). A sample of lyophilized DHA-DSS nanoparticles powder (10 mg) was carefully positioned on an aluminum pan for the analysis. The test was carried out by subjecting the sample to a gradual heating rate of 10 °C/min, over a temperature range of 50–300 °C.

The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) were applied with a thermal analyzer (TGA 8000, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) connected to a gas flow system to work in the N₂ atmosphere (20 mL·min⁻¹). For each test, about 10 ± 0.5 mg of the sample were employed. Four different heating strategies (5, 10, 20, and 50 °C·min⁻¹) were adopted to collect the thermogravimetric data from room temperature to 700 °C. The pyrolysis TG/DTG curves of CdCl₂·2.5H₂O are shown in Figure S1.
The fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments in a tube furnace were conducted with the N₂ atmosphere (20 mL·min⁻¹). The sample was placed in a quartz crucible and heated to 700 °C with a heating rate of 5 °C·min⁻¹. After cooling to room temperature, the pyrolysis residue was collected for characterization.

Functional groups of DADMAC-AAc-APTAC hydrogel were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50R FT-IR). Proton and Carbon NMR were performed by using JMTC-500/54/JJ. Measurement of thermal properties of a pre-dried gel was carried out by Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) (TGA 8000, PerkinElmer, Waltham, USA) under a continuous N₂ gas flow and heating rate of 10 °C/min. Whether the hydrogel is crystalline or amorphous was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD, Rigaku Smart Lab, Tokyo, Japan (Lamda = 1.54059 Angstrom)) analysis. The surface morphology of dried hydrogels was observed with an SEM (JEOL, JSM-7900F) equipped with an EDS and with platinum coating.

The final concentration of nHA in the uncasted PCL-nHA composite material was verified using a TGA 8000™ Thermogravimetric analyser (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Samples between 3 and 6 mg were heated at 10 °C per min from 30 to 850 °C under air at 20 mL/min. For each test group, a technical quadruplicate (n = 4) was used.

Degradation of the materials was observed as a linear increase in temperature with a PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA) TGA 8000 thermogravimetric analyzer. The initial mass varied between 2 and 5 mg, the temperature range was 30–750 °C, and the heating rate was 10 °C min⁻¹.

The powder samples of OA, Cl‐OA, Br‐OA, mono‐ and orth‐I‐OA were encased in the aluminum crucibles to perform the DSC measurements on a PerkinElmer Diamond DSC instrument under the nitrogen atmosphere. The complex permittivity was measured on Tonghui TH2828A. Silver conduction paste deposited on the plate surfaces was used as the electrodes. SHG measurement was performed by using the instrument model of Ins 1210058, INSTEC Instruments on the powder samples of OA, Cl‐OA, Br‐OA, mono‐ and orth‐I‐OA, and the laser is Vibrant 355 II, OPOTEK at a wavelength of 1064 nm, 5 ns pulse duration, 1.6 MW peak power, 10 Hz repetition rate. TGA measurement was performed on PerkinElmer TGA 8000 from 300 K to 900 K at the rate of 30 K min^‐1.

DSC measurements were performed on a PerkinElmer Diamond DSC under a nitrogen atmosphere in aluminum crucibles with a heating or cooling rate of 10 K min^–1. The TGA measurement of S-SEA-Si, R-SEA-Si, and Rac-SEA-Si were performed on a PerkinElmer TGA 8000 at a heating rate of 30 K min^–1 in the atmosphere.
An unexpanded laser beam with low divergence (pulsed Nd:YAG at a wavelength of 1064 nm, 5 ns pulse duration, 1.6 MW peak power, 10 Hz repetition rate) was used for SHG experiments. The instrument model is Ins 1210058, INSTEC Instruments, while the laser is Vibrant 355 II, OPOTEK.