E(AH) compounds were generated using the thin-film hydration method. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine (Sigma-Aldrich), TEGO Care CG 90 surfactant (Evonik Industries AG, Germany), and AH compounds were added to 20 ml ethanol (Duksan Co.). We used a rotary evaporator (RE100-Pro, DLAB, China) to completely remove ethanol and form a lipid membrane on the flask wall. The lipid membrane was hydrated in 20 mL 5% ethanol and used as an elastic ethosome. After homogenization to produce a particle with a consistent size using a microfluidizer (M110EH, Microfluidics, USA), the unloaded components were removed using a 0.45 μM syringe filter (Advantec, Japan) and ethosomes were stirred overnight at 4°C for stabilization.
0.45 μm syringe filter
Manufactured by Advantec
Sourced in Japan
The 0.45 μM syringe filter is a laboratory filtration device designed to remove particulates and microorganisms from liquid samples. It features a 0.45 μM pore size membrane that effectively retains particles and contaminants while allowing the desired liquid to pass through. This filter is commonly used in various scientific and industrial applications to purify and clarify liquid samples prior to further analysis or processing.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
L α phosphatidylcholine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
M 110eh, by Microfluidics (1 mentions)
Flame ionization detector, by Hewlett-Packard (1 mentions)
Db ffap 123 3253, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Propionic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butyric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Biomasher, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using 0.45 μm syringe filter
1
Ethosomes for Efficient Drug Delivery
2
Yogurt Production with Probiotic Strains
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Yogurt was produced using 12% (w/v) of non-fat milk (Seoul Dairy, Seoul,
Korea). The milk was pasteurized at 85°C for 30 min and then cooled to
24°C. Next, a starter culture (2%, v/v) was added to the milk. The
starter culture was prepared by incubating a mixture of 100 mL of non-fat milk
(12%, w/v) and 0.34 g of starter culture powder (Samik Dairy and Food,
Seoul, Korea) for 5 h. The starter culture contained mixed strains of
Lactobacillus acidophilus (35%),
Bifidobacterium longum (30%), and
Streptococcus thermophilus (35%). The inoculated
milk samples were then placed in an incubator at 42°C until they reached
a pH of 4.5–4.6. The supernatants from the yogurt were separated by
centrifuging samples (10 g) twice at 4,000×g for 10 min at 4°C.
Subsequently, the supernatants were further centrifuged at 10,000×g for
10 min at 4°C. They were then filtered through 0.45-μm syringe
filter (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) and stored at –80°C until use.
Korea). The milk was pasteurized at 85°C for 30 min and then cooled to
24°C. Next, a starter culture (2%, v/v) was added to the milk. The
starter culture was prepared by incubating a mixture of 100 mL of non-fat milk
(12%, w/v) and 0.34 g of starter culture powder (Samik Dairy and Food,
Seoul, Korea) for 5 h. The starter culture contained mixed strains of
Lactobacillus acidophilus (35%),
Bifidobacterium longum (30%), and
Streptococcus thermophilus (35%). The inoculated
milk samples were then placed in an incubator at 42°C until they reached
a pH of 4.5–4.6. The supernatants from the yogurt were separated by
centrifuging samples (10 g) twice at 4,000×g for 10 min at 4°C.
Subsequently, the supernatants were further centrifuged at 10,000×g for
10 min at 4°C. They were then filtered through 0.45-μm syringe
filter (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) and stored at –80°C until use.
3
Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds from Dioscorea batatas
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The freeze-dried D. batatas flesh (DBF) and D. batatas peel (DBP) were powdered, and 1 g of dried powder from each sample was extracted at 25 °C with 250 mL of 95% ethanol for 12 h, followed by filtration with 0.45 μm syringe filter (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) and evaporation in vacuo. The resultant extracts were weighed and dissolved in 10 mL of methanol. The stock solutions of Compounds 1 –3 were prepared by dissolving Compounds 1 –3 in methanol to yield 1 mg/mL. Standard solutions were prepared by the serial dilution of the stock solutions to methanol. The range of the standard solutions was 3.125–100 µg/mL (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL). All of the standard solutions were stored at −20 °C in darkness until analysis.
4
Quantifying Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mouse Cecum
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To evaluate the SCFA content of the mouse caecum, it was ground to a concentration of 1 g/mL in an 80% methanol solution using a BioMasher (TaKaRa, Shiga, Japan). Centrifugation was performed at 13,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was filtered using 0.45 μm syringe filters from ADVANTEC. The analysis was performed using a flame ionization detector (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and a GC column (DB-FFAP 123-3253, 50 mm × 0.32 mm × 0.50 μm, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). SCFA concentrations were quantified using Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid as standards. The SCFA content in the cecum was determined using a calibration curve based on the corresponding standards. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Dioscorea Peel Ethanol Extraction Analysis
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The freeze-dried peels of four Dioscorea species were powdered, and 1 g of dried powder from each sample was extracted with 20 ml of 95% ethanol for 2 h. Afterward, the samples were filtered with filter paper (Hyundai Micro CO., Korea) and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant extracts were weighed and dissolved in methanol to yield a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The extracts were then filtered by 0.45 μm syringe filters (Advantec, Japan) and injected into the HPLC system for analysis.
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