L-Kynurenine sulfate salt, KYNA, and L-tyrosine disodium salt hydrate were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). L-Alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartate, L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine hydrochloride, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, and L-valine were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Rodent diet (MF) was obtained from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals were of the highest commercially available purity.
L glutamate
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
L-glutamate is a laboratory chemical compound used in various scientific and analytical applications. It is the sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid, which is a naturally occurring substance found in the human body and many foods. L-glutamate is commonly used as a buffer, pH adjuster, or analytical reagent in various laboratory procedures and assays.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
L methionine, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Lsm 510, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
L alanine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L valine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L serine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L kynurenine sulfate salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L isoleucine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L glycine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L phenylalanine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L proline, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L threonine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L histidine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L tyrosine disodium salt hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L arginine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L asparagine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L lysine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cabergoline, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
7 protocols using l glutamate
1
Synthesis and Analysis of Amino Acids
2
Cabergoline and Oxidative Stress in Cortical Cells
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Cabergoline (10 µM; except for experiments of dose-dependency, Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) was applied to cortical cells at DIV 6-7. After 24-hour Cabergoline treatment (except for examination of pretreatment time-dependency of Cabergoline), H2O2 (50 µM; except for the dose-dependency of H2O2, Wako) was added. All inhibitors and antagonists, including spiperone (Abcam, Bristol, UK), U0126 (Promega, WI, USA), SB203580 (Millipore, MA, USA), SP600125 (Wako), AP5 (Tocris bioscience), and nifedipine (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) were applied 20 min before Cabergoline or H2O2 addition. L-glutamate (Wako) was added at DIV 7–8 for cell death induction.
3
Calcium Imaging of Induced Neurons
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The induced neurons were functionally examined using calcium imaging. Samples were labelled with 10 µM Fluo-8/AM (AAT Bioquest, CA, USA) for 30 min. After labelling, the culture medium was replaced with Ringer’s solution (148 mM NaCl, 2.8 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM HEPES, and 10 mM glucose; pH 7.4). The sample was transferred onto the stage of an inverted microscope (IX81; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The fluorescence was detected with a confocal spinning disk confocal laser scanning unit (CSC-W1; Yokogawa Electric., Tokyo, Japan) and an LED light (X-Cite 120LED; OPTO SCIENCE, Tokyo Japan). For drug application, L-glutamate (10 µM; in PBS(-); FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries), capsaicin (10 µM; in ethanol; Sigma-Aldrich), menthol (10 µM; in ethanol; Sigma-Aldrich) and nicotine (10 µM; in ethanol; Sigma-Aldrich) were added to Ringer’s solution during fluorescence observation. A frame rate of 1.25 /s was used. The recorded fluorescence signals were analyzed using ImageJ software [48 (link)] (ver. 1.54d, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; available at https://imagej.net/ij/index.html (accessed on 18 May 2023)).
4
Canine BMSC Ca2+ Imaging after Neuronal Induction
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Ca2+ imaging of canine BMSCs after neuronal induction was performed according to our previously reported method [14 (link)]. Briefly: canine BMSCs from each group were seeded on 35-mm glass base dishes at a density of 4000 cells/cm2. At 10 days of the neuronal induction, the cells were incubated with Neurobasal-A medium containing 2% B-27 supplement and 4.0 μM Fluo 3-AM (Dojindo Lab., Kumamoto, Japan) for 30 min at 37 °C in the dark. Following incubation, the cells were washed twice in PBS. After washing, the culture medium was changed to a Ca2+ imaging buffer (containing 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 0.96 mM NaH2PO4, 1 mM MgCl2, 11.1 mM glucose, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mg/mL BSA and 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; pH 7.4). The glass base dishes with the fluorescent dye-loaded cells were placed at room temperature on the stage of a confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM510; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Images were captured every 2 s, in a time lapse sequence. After baseline images were acquired, the cells were stimulated with 50 mM KCl (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.) or 100 μM l -glutamate (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.). The relative change in intracellular Ca2+ concentration over time was expressed as the change in fluorescence relative to baseline.
5
Synthesis and In Vivo Application of TAK-653
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
TAK-653 9-[4-(Cyclohexyloxy)phenyl]-7-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide, LY451646 and [3H]-TAK-653 were synthesized by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. [3H]-HBT1 was synthesized by Sekisui Medical Company Limited. S-AMPA, cyclothiazide, CGP52422, APV and bicuculline methochloride were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). L-glutamate and NBQX were obtained from WAKO Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). ( +)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). For in vivo studies, TAK-653 was suspended in 0.5% (w/v) methylcellulose in distilled water and orally administered.
6
Neuronal Viability Assessment in Co-culture
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The co-culture model and neuronal monoculture model at day 30 after mixing the cells were treated with 15 μg/mL L-Glutamate (Wako) for one week. To investigate cell viability, the cells were treated with 1 μg/mL Calcein-AM (DOJINDO) in the culture media for 1 h, washed with PBS, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 16 h at 4 ℃. Then, fluorescent signals of Calcein-AM were detected by In Cell Analyzer 6000 (Cytiva, Marlborough, United States). Calcein-positive and MAP2-positive neurons were counted by In Cell Developer (Cytiva, Marlborough, United States). The surviving neuron ratios were calculated as Calcein-positive and MAP2-positive neurons/Hoechst.
7
Purified HA and CS Extraction
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Purified HA from chicken combs and CS from shark cartilage were obtained from Seikgaku Corp. (Tokyo, Japan). D-sorbitol, glycine, L-glutamate, monosodium L-glutamate, L-methionine, D-glucose, maltose monohydrate, xylitol, and D-α-tocopherol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!