Vortex mixer

gDNA was extracted from young leaves of plant materials using a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (Han et al., 2018 (link)). Young leaf tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen and finely ground using a 5 mm steel bead with a vortex mixer (DAIHAN Scientific, Wonju, Korea). The concentration and quality of extracted gDNA were measured with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) and diluted to a final concentration of 20 ng/μL in triple distilled water (TDW).

A commercial fungal DNA isolation kit, YeaStar Genomic DNA Kit^TM (Cat. No.D2002), was purchased from ZYMO RESEARCH (Irvine, USA. A C-Chip used as disposable hemocytometer was purchased from INCYTO (Cheonan, Republic of Korea). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) on a JSM-7500F instrument (JEOL, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was used to confirm the reaction and decoration materials. Zeta potentials of materials were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a DynaPro NanoStar instrument (Wyatt, Malvern, United Kingdom). Vortex mixer (T5AL) and a mini manufacturer (LABOGENE 1730R) MSH-30d stirring heater produced by Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd (Wonju-Si, South Korea) were obtained. Magic mixer (TMM-5) used for rotating the mixture tube during incubation was purchased from TOPSCIEN Instrument Co., Ltd (Ningbo, China). A CFX96 touch real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection system was purchased from BIO-RAD (Hercules, USA).

To determine fat absorption capacity (FAC), 1 g of sample powder and 6 g of sunflower oil were weighed into a 15 mL tube, dispersed using a vortex mixer (Daihan Scientific, Seoul, Republic of Korea) for 3 min at the highest speed and centrifuged at 4000× g for 30 min. The oil was decanted from the tube carefully and the pellet was re-weighed. The FAC (%) was determined using the following equation [26 (link)]: $$FAC(\%)=\frac{\left(Weightoftube+pellet\right)-\left(Weightofemptytube\right)}{Weightofingredient}\times \frac{100}{1}$$