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8 protocols using ifn γ 4s b3

1

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Activated PBMCs

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PBMCs were immunostained using various combinations of the following fluorescence-conjugated antibodies: CD4 (RPA-T4; BioLegend), CD25 (BC96; eBioscience), Foxp3 (PCH101; eBioscience), IL-17 (eBio64DEC17; eBioscience) and IFN-γ (4S.B3; eBioscience). The cells were also intracellularly stained with the following antibodies: IL-17, IFN- γ and Foxp3. Before intracellular staining, cells were stimulated in culture medium containing 25 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate (Sigma-Aldrich), 250 ng/mL ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 μL/mL GolgiSTOP (BD Pharmingen) in an incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C for 4 h. Intracellular staining was conducted using an intracellular staining kit (eBioscience) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on a LSRFortessa (BD Pharmingen).
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2

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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The following fluorescence-conjugated antibodies were used for multiparameter flow cytometry: CD3 (SK7), CD4 (SK3), CD8 (SK1), CD14 (M5E2), CD19 (HIB19) CD25 (2A3), IL-10 (JES3-19F1), TNF-α (Mab11), IL-2 (5344.111), γδ TCR (B1) (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA); CD4 (SFCI12T4D11) (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA); IL-17 (eBio64DEC17) and αβ TCR (IP26) (BioLegend, San Diego, CA); IFN-γ (4S.B3) (eBioscience, San Diego, CA). All antibodies were titrated prior to use to determine optimal staining concentrations. Flow cytometry data was acquired either on a FACS Calibur or LSR-II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and data analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar, Ashland OR).
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3

Multiparameter FACS Staining for Immune Profiling

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For FACS staining, we used the following antibodies to target: CD16 (FITC; eBioCB16), CD14 (PE-Cy7; 61D3), CD15 (APC; MMA), IL-4 (APC; 8D4-8), and IFN-γ (4S.B3)—all purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA)—and CD11b (FITC; ICRF44), CD56 (PE; HCD56), CD33 (PE; WM53), IL-10 (PE; JES3-9D7) CD45 (APC; HI30), CD163 (APC; GH1/61), CD3 (PE-Cy7; HIT3a), CD4 (FITC; OKT4), and IL-17A (PE; BL168)—all purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA).
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4

Characterization of T Cell Signaling Pathways

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Antibodies against HLA-A2 (BB7.2), HLA-ABC (W6/32), CD8a (RPA-T8), TNF (MAb11), and IFN-γ (4 S.B3) were purchased from eBioscience. Anti-CD3 (SK7), CD107a (H4A3), CD247-Alexa Fluor 488 (pY142) (K25-407.69), pCD3ζ (pY142) (K25-407.69), Erk1 (Cat# 610031), and PLC-γ1 (Cat# 610027) were from Becton Dickinson. Anti-pLAT (Tyr191) (Cat# 3584S), P-p44/42 MAPK (T202/Y204) (Cat# 4370L), pSrc family (pY416) (Cat# 6943T), non-pSrc family (pY416) (Cat# 2102S), pSHP-1 (Cat# 8849S), pZap70 (pY319) (Cat# 2717S), Zap70 (Cat# 2709), pPLC-γ1 (pY783) (Cat# 2821S), α-tubulin (Cat# 3873S), GAPDH (Cat# 2118S) antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technologies. Anti-LAT (11B.12) and β-2-microglobulin (2M2) antibodies were from Biolegend. Mouse anti-human HLA-A2-E183-91 and mouse antihuman HLA-A2-C18-27 primary antibodies were produced as described18 (link). F(ab’)2-goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 (Cat# A-11070), and goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 647 (Cat# A-21237) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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5

Detailed Flow Cytometry Antibody Panel

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry. For mouse cells, CD4 (RM4-5; eBioscience), CD8a (53-6.7; BD Biosciences), CD90.2 (53-2.1, eBioscience), PD-1 (29F.1A12; BioLegend), CTLA-4 (UC10-4B9, eBioscience), CD25 (PC61; BD Biosciences), CD69 (H1.2F3; BD Biosciences), Foxp3 (FJK-16s; eBioscience), and c-Maf (sym0F1, eBioscience) were used. For human cells, CD4 (OKT4; BioLegend), CXCR4 (12G5; eBioscience), CCR7 (G043H7; BioLegend), CD127 (A019D5; BioLegend), IFN-γ (4S.B3; eBioscience), Foxp3 (236A/E7; eBioscience) CD8 (PRA-T8, BD Biosciences), CTLA4 (BNI3; BioLegend), TIGIT (MBSA43; eBioscience), CD45 (HI30, BD Biosciences), and PD-1 (MIH4; eBioscience) were used.
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6

Characterizing Melanoma-Reactive CD8+ T Cells

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from patients with melanoma. Antibodies for CD8, CD11a (HI111), PD-1 (EH12.2H7) were purchased from BioLegend and IFN-γ (4S.B3) was purchased from eBioscience. The tumor antigen specificity of CD11ahiPD-1+CD8+ T cells was confirmed by staining with HLA-A2/MART-1 tetramer. The function of human tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells was measured by intracellular staining for IFN-γ. Briefly, lymphocytes were incubated with MART-1 and gp100 (Mayo Clinic Peptide Core) at 1 μg/ml of each or PMA (50 ng/ml)/ionomycin (500 ng/ml) for 5 hours. After incubation, cells were stained for surface markers followed by intracellular staining for IFN-γ. To enrich tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, PBMCs of melanoma patients were incubated with antigen peptides for 1 week in complete RPMI medium containing human IL-2 (10 U/ml, Proleukin, Mayo Pharmacy) before functional analysis.
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7

Comprehensive T Cell Characterization

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry analysis: CD3 (SK7; BD), CD4 (SK3; eBioscience), CD8 (RPA-T8; BD), CD69 (FN50; BioLegend), TNF (MAb11; eBioscience), IFN-γ (4S.B3; eBioscience), and MHC I (W6/32; Bio X Cell). The following functional grade antibodies were used to stimulate T cells in culture: CD28 (L293; BD), CD49d (L25; BD), and CD3 (SK7; eBioscience). The pan–anti–MHC II–blocking antibody Tu39 and isotype control IgG2a κ were from BioLegend. The anti–HLA-DR–blocking antibody G46-6 was from BD. The 15mer-overlapping peptide pool covering Ad169 IE-1 and custom-made 15mer-overlapping peptide pools covering the Towne and Toledo IE-1 sequences were from JPT Peptide Technologies. Individual peptides used for truncation studies and for pulsing HLA transfectants were synthesized by JPT or Genemed Synthesis Inc. HLA-B08 tetramers folded with the EM9 and QV9 peptides were from the National Institutes of Health tetramer core facility. Recombinant human IL-2, IL-4, and GM-CSF were from Immunex.
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8

Quantifying Cytokine Release in iNKT Cells

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To analyze cytokine release through iNKT cell transactivation, 5 × 106 PBMC from SSc patients or healthy donors were incubated in a 24-well plate together with 100 ng/ml α-GalCer (Sigma-Aldrich) in iNKT cell culture medium consisting of RPMI 1640 GlutaMAX™ Medium (ThermoFisher Scientific), 10% FBS (Biochrom), 100 U/ml PenStrep (Lonza), 5.5 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Roth), 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids (NEAA; Gibco), 10 mM HEPES (Gibco), and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Gibco).
To assess intracellular cytokines, cells were stimulated with 1x Cell Stimulation Cocktail (eBioscience) for 4 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in iNKT cell culture medium. After staining surface antigens, cells were fixed and permeabilized (eBioscience) prior to staining of intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (4S.B3, eBioscience), interleukin (IL)-4 (8D4-8, BioLegend), and IL-17 (A019D5, BioLegend). Stained cells were measured using a LSR Fortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), and analysis was performed with FlowJo 10.2 (Tree Star).
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