Baicalein

Baicalein (CAS number: 491-67-8, 98%) and chrysin (CAS number: 480-40-0, 98%) were obtained from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals, Ltd. (Chengdu, China, Supplementary 4); 5-Hydroxylflavone (CAS number: 491-78-1, 98%), 6-hydroxylflavone (CAS number: 6665-83-4, 98%), 7-hydroxylflavone (CAS number: 6665-86-7, 98%), and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide radical (PTIO•) were from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); (±)-6-Hydroxyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethlychromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine), 2,4,6-tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ), catechol, pyrogallol, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were from Sigma-Aldrich Shanghai Trading Co. (Shanghai, China). Deoxyribose was obtained from Amresco, Inc. (Solon, OH, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA); CD44 and Proteinase K were purchased from Wuhan Boster Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All other reagents were of analytical grade. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats 4 weeks of age were obtained from the animal center of the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The protocol of this experiment was performed under the supervision of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee at the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.

Bovine thrombin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, naringenin, apigenin, baicalein, catechin, and epicatechin were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Protocatechuic acid and dihydroquercetin were purchased from Push Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Gallic acid was the product of Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) was obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HCl and acetone were analytical grade reagents and purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China).