Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

arPES was kindly donated by Dojindo Laboratories Co. Ltd. (Kumamoto, Japan). Phenazine methosulfate (PMS), d(+)-glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and Triton X-100 were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories Co. Ltd. d-(+)-trehalose dihydrate and glutaraldehyde were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). N-[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine (tricine) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ketjen black (ECP600JD), was obtained from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (Tokyo, Japan).

CMC (molecular weight = 8–10 × 10⁴ as specified by manufacturer) with a 0.70 degree of substitution was obtained from Daicel Co., (Osaka, Japan). EGDE was purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Liquid paraffin (Moresco white P-100, 19.04 mm²/s) was purchased from Moresco Co., (Kobe, Japan). Sodium hydroxide was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol was purchased from Godo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The SPA was supplied by S. T. Co., (Tokyo, Japan). Trichoderma viride cellulase ONOZUKA R-10 was purchased from Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The PBS and sodium acetate buffer used were analytical grade chemicals, i.e., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, and acetic acid, purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).

6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), disodium hydrogenphosphate 12-water, sodium dihydrogenphosphate dehydrate, Triton® X-100, and Valinomycin were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan. 4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUFO) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Acarbose, p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (PNGP) and di-potassium hydrogenphosphate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan. α-Glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL, type II), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cetilistat was purchased from Combi-Blocks, Inc., Japan. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Tokyo, Japan, and 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, monohydrate (MES) was purchased from Dojindo Chemical Research, Kumamoto, Japan. Paraformaldehyde was purchased from Chiyoda Inc. and HCS DNA Damage kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
Absorbance was recorded on the Infinite 200 PRO® (Tecan Austria GmBH, Grodig, Austria) spectrophotometer (for DPPH and α-Glucosidase inhibitory assays) and Wallac ARVO™ MX 1420 multilabel counter spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Japan, Kanagawa, Japan) (for lipase inhibitory assay).