To induce water droplet condensation in the atmospheric laboratory environment having air temperature = 25 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity RH = 50 ± 5% (RO120, Roscid Technologies), we placed the samples horizontally on a cold stage (Linkam T95-PE) and reduced the stage temperature to = 2.0 ± 0.1 °C to enable observation of water vapor condensation on the substrates using a top-view optical microscopy (Nikon Eclipse LV100) coupled to a monochrome camera (Nikon DS-Qi2)46 (link).
T95 pe
Manufactured by Linkam
Sourced in United Kingdom
The T95-PE is a temperature-controlled stage designed for a wide range of microscopy and spectroscopy applications. It provides accurate temperature control and stability within a specific temperature range. The core function of the T95-PE is to maintain a precise and stable temperature environment for samples under observation or analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ds qi2, by Nikon (2 mentions)
Lv100, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Eclipse, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Optistat dn, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Fls1000, by Edinburgh Instruments (1 mentions)
Bx41p, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Eclipse lv100, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Dme optical microscope, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Mc190 hd camera, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Pe120, by Linkam (1 mentions)
7 protocols using t95 pe
1
Inducing Atmospheric Condensation on Substrates
2
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Characterization
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(1) NIR excitation and emission spectra were measured by a photoluminescence spectrometer of FLS-1000 (Edinburgh Instruments) using a Xe-lamp as the excitation source.
(2) For visible emission spectra measurement, the samples were excited by a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier (TOPAS-F-UV2, Spectra-Physics) with a tuning range from 240 to 2600 nm.
(3) For the measurement of the excitation-emission map, the excitation sources of a Xenon lamp and a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier (fs OPA) and the filters of 510 LP, 530 LP, 626 LP, 575 SP, 690 SP, and 1000 LP were adopted. For each sub-map, the adopted configuration of the excitation source and filter was marked in Supplementary Fig.45 . The maximum intensity of each sub-map was normalized to 1.
(4) For time-resolved photoluminescence measurement, a tunable mid-band optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pulse laser was used as the excitation source (410–2400 nm, 10 Hz, pulse width ≤5 ns, Vibrant 355II, OPOTEK). Data were acquired by a multi-channel scanning unit.
(5) For temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements, a low-temperature accessory (OptistatDN, Oxford Instruments) and a high-temperature accessory (T95-PE, Linkam Scientific) were used as the temperature controller. The sample was maintained at a specific temperature for 10 min, then the emission spectrum was collected.
(2) For visible emission spectra measurement, the samples were excited by a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier (TOPAS-F-UV2, Spectra-Physics) with a tuning range from 240 to 2600 nm.
(3) For the measurement of the excitation-emission map, the excitation sources of a Xenon lamp and a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier (fs OPA) and the filters of 510 LP, 530 LP, 626 LP, 575 SP, 690 SP, and 1000 LP were adopted. For each sub-map, the adopted configuration of the excitation source and filter was marked in Supplementary Fig.
(4) For time-resolved photoluminescence measurement, a tunable mid-band optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pulse laser was used as the excitation source (410–2400 nm, 10 Hz, pulse width ≤5 ns, Vibrant 355II, OPOTEK). Data were acquired by a multi-channel scanning unit.
(5) For temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements, a low-temperature accessory (OptistatDN, Oxford Instruments) and a high-temperature accessory (T95-PE, Linkam Scientific) were used as the temperature controller. The sample was maintained at a specific temperature for 10 min, then the emission spectrum was collected.
3
Optical Microscopy of Crack Healing
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To monitor crack healing, an optical microscope (Olympus BX41P, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with a temperature controller (Linkam T95-PE, Linkam, London, England) was used. The samples with a thickness of ca. 0.5 mm were cast on the glass slide and scratched by a razor. All samples were heated at a specified temperature for a period of time. The micrographs were captured every one minute.
4
UV-Induced Polymer Formation in Liquid Crystals
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Figure 2 illustrates the procedure for forming a given polymer structure in an RM25TM25-CLC or an RM50-CLC cell with ULH alignment. All steps were performed at T = 25 °C stabilized with a temperature controller (Linkam Scientific, T95-PE, Surrey Tadworth, UK). First, a 90-Vrms voltage at 5 kHz was applied across the cell to sustain the LC orientation in the homeotropic state (Figure 2 a,d). Next, referring to the established electric field approach in our previous work [16 (link)], defect-free, monodomain ULH alignment was electrically induced via the flexoelectric effect by switching the frequency of 90-Vrms voltage directly from 5 kHz to 100 Hz (Figure 2 b,e). By decreasing the voltage slowly from 90 Vrms to 0 Vrms to avoid defect generation, the well-aligned ULH texture was stably preserved, and the cell at zero voltage was illuminated with UV light at λ = 365 nm and intensity of 6 mW·cm−2 derived from a Panasonic Aicure UJ35 LED spot-type UV curing system to allow chain polymerization of monomers. After 8 min of UV exposure, two PN-ULH textures were obtained with distinct polymer structures constructed by 2.5-wt% RM257 and 2.5-wt% TMPTA in the RM25TM25-CLC cell (Figure 2 c) and by 5.0-wt% RM257 in the RM50-CLC cell (Figure 2 f).
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5
Stress-Strain Characterization of S-ACF
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For sample preparation, S-ACF was cut into 5 mm × 30 mm and then both ends were fixed to a stretcher by a PI adhesive tape. Stress-strain curve was obtained by a stretcher (T95-PE, Linkam Scientific Instruments Ltd., UK) with the following conditions: The stretched S-ACF was about 13 μm in thickness, 5 mm in width, and 5 mm in length. The stretching speed was 50 μm/s. Initial distance was 5 mm.
6
Condensation and Evaporation of Water Droplets
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A top-view optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse LV100) coupled to a monochrome camera (Nikon DS-Qi2) was used to study water droplet condensation and evaporation in a laboratory environment having air temperature Ta = 22 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity RH = 45 ± 5% (RO120, Roscid Technologies). We placed the samples horizontally on a cold stage (Linkam T95-PE) and reduced the stage temperature to Tc = 5.0 ± 0.1 °C to initiate and observe droplet growth.
7
Polarized Microscopy of Aerated Dispersions
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A Leica DME optical microscope mounted with a Leica MC190 HD camera was used to capture optical micrographs of crystal dispersions in oil and air-in-oil foams. A polarizer (13596080) and an analyzer were used to cross-polarize the transmitted light. Images were acquired by Leica Application Suite 4.12.0. A small amount of sample was transferred carefully by spatula onto the middle of a glass slide (76 mm × 26 mm) possessing a single cavity (15 mm), and then gently covered with a thin coverslip (24 mm × 24 mm). The temperature of the glass slide was controlled by a hot stage (Linkam PE120), which was connected to an ECP water circulator and controlled by a Linkam T95PE controller. A moderate flow rate of dry compressed air was applied over the coverslip during imaging to avoid condensation. Both polarized and non-polarized microscope images were taken for the same sample under the same condition at fixed time intervals during both whipping (foams) and storage. All glassware and spatulas were pre-cooled at the whipping or storage temperature before use. The micrographs were analyzed with ImageJ 1.47V software which was calibrated with a Pyser-sgi limited graticule. The number average bubble diameter D [1,0] of the aerated samples was calculated from at least 100 representative bubbles of different samples: (1) where d i is the bubble diameter and n is the number of bubbles.
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