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48 protocols using lactate plus meter

1

Acute exercise metabolic responses

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Acute exercise responses for blood glucose (Accu-Chek Aviva Plus Glucometer; Roche Diagnostic, Indianapolis, IN), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (Nova Blood Ketone Monitor; Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA), and lactate (Lactate Plus Meter; Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA) were measured via tail vein in conscious mice before and after acute exercise at the end of week 5 (Fig. 1A). Serum lipids were analyzed by measuring nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (Wako Chemicals, Richmond, VA) and TAG (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). ELISA kits were used to detect serum insulin (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden; Cat 10-1247-01) and serum corticosterone (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY; Cat ADI-900-097). Manufacturer’s recommended protocols were used for all measurements.
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2

Graded Exercise Capacity in Rats

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Assessment of peak exercise capacity occurred each month beginning at 30 months until 34 months of age. The exercise test started with a treadmill speed at 5 m/min and progressively increased by 3 m/min at each exercise stage. Animals ran at each new treadmill speed for 3 min to assure steady-state values. To encourage the rats to run, the treadmill was equipped with an electric shock grid at the rear of the treadmill. The shock grid was set to deliver a 0.2 mA current, which gives an uncomfortable shock but does not physically harm or injure the rat. The test was terminated when animals were no longer able to maintain position on the treadmill, and the highest speed was recorded as peak exercise capacity. Blood lactate levels were measured during the graded exercise tests. Blood lactate levels were used to quantify relative exercise intensity. At the end of each 3 min interval, animals were briefly removed from the treadmill, immobilized with the tail extended, the lateral tail vein pierced, and a drop (~25 μL) of blood was collected on a lactate strip inserted into a lactate meter (Lactate Plus Meter, Nova Biomedical). Blood lactate values were recorded at each exercise intensity level during the exercise test.
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3

Lactate Production Quantification Protocol

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Cells were seeded in 6-cm dishes. Forty-eight hours later, cell medium was removed and lactate concentration was determined by using Lactate Plus test strips and a Lactate Plus meter (Nova Biomedical). The cells remaining in the dish were harvested and counted by using a hemocytometer on a microscope. The rate of lactate production was calculated (lactate production = total lactate mole number/cell number).
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4

Measuring Blood Lactate in Conscious Mice

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Blood lactate was determined using a Lactate Plus Meter (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) on blood obtained from conscious, fed mice using a tail clip.
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5

Hemodynamic Monitoring During Hypovolemia

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Arterial blood gases, blood lactate (Lactate Plus meter, Nova Biomedical Corporation, Waltham, MA, U.S.A.), and white blood cell (WBC) count (Leuko-TIC® kit, Bioanalytic GmbH, Umkirch, Germany) were measured at three different time points: baseline (BL), at 2-h into the hypovolemic period (HYPOVOL), and at the end of the 2-h observation window following resuscitation (REPERF).
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6

Lactate Production Quantification in Cells

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Cells were seeded in culture dishes, and the medium was changed after 6 h with serum-free DMEM. Cells were incubated for 12–16 h, and the culture medium was then determined using lactate test strips on a Lactate Plus meter (Nova Biomedical). The remaining cells were harvested and counted. The lactate production was calculated and determined as lactate concentration per 104 cells.
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7

Biomarker Quantification in Plasma

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ELISAs for M-CSF and IL-34 were performed according to manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Albumin ELISA was performed using 5 μg/mL goat anti-mouse albumin (A90-134A), 0.025 μg/mL goat-HRP detection (A90-134P), mouse reference serum (rs10–101) (Bethyl Laboratories Inc.; Montgomery, TX) and 1-Step Ultra TMB-ELISA (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Plasma alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and urea nitrogen were measured using commercial kits (Liquid ALT Reagent Set and Liquid AST Reagent Set, Pointe Scientific Inc., Canton, MI; DetectX Urea Nitrogen Detection Kit, Arbor Assays, Ann Arbor, MI). Plasma lactate was measured using a commercial device (Lactate Plus Meter, Nova Biomedical; Waltham, MA).
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8

Measuring Lactate and Hematocrit in Mice

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Lactate Plus Meter was used to determine lactate plasma concentration (Nova Biomedical). Control solutions with 1–1.6 and 4–5.4 mM lactate, provided by the supplier, were used to calibrate the device. For measurements, a small drop of blood obtained from the mouse tail after a lancet puncture, was placed on the specific strip for lactate quantification. Hematocrit was measured by collecting blood from an incision of the carotid artery using a hematocrit tube allowing blood to flow by capillarity action into tube. The ends of the tube were sealed with bone wax and the tubes were placed in a microhematocrit centrifuge and span for 5 min at 5.000 rpm. The hematocrit is expressed as the percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes.
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9

Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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The Quantum® system was pre-coated with human cryoprecipitate pooled from five donors (NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK) which was diluted 1:1 with PBS. As per the manufacturer’s instructions, to allow for the attachment of the MSCs, the inner surface of the fibres was coated overnight with 100 ml of human cryoprecipitate solution before cell loading. The Quantum® system provides a continuous perfusion of complete medium, whilst simultaneously removing the equivalent volume of conditioned medium. Over the course of an expansion in the Quantum®, the perfusion rate of fresh medium was increased 16-fold to an inlet rate of 1 .6 ml/min, as cell populations grew. Lactate concentration in the conditioned medium was assessed daily using a Lactate Plus meter (Nova Biomedical, Runcorn, UK); this measure was used to inform on incremental increases in media perfusion rate as a surrogate marker of cell number, as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
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10

Measuring Lactate Production in Cells

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Cells were seeded in six-well plates and cultured overnight, and the medium was changed to no-serum DMEM for 12 h. The medium was then removed and lactate concentration was determined by using lactate test strips with a Lactate Plus meter (Nova Biomedical). The remaining cells were harvested and counted, and lactate production was calculated as lactate concentration per 104 cells.
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