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5 protocols using mek inhibitor u0126

1

Immune Cell Profiling and Modulation

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Immune cells from mice were stained with PerCP-conjugated anti-CD4 (GK1.5, BioLegend) mAbs, APC/Cy7-conjugated anti-CD8a (53–6.7) mAbs, and the isotype monoclonal mAb. FITC-conjugated anti-I-A/I-E mAbs (M5/114.15.2, BioLegend) was used for negative gating. After pretreatment with 3 μM FGFR1-TKIs (PD173074; AZD4547; Erdafitinib, Selleck Chemicals), 3 μM mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (MEK inhibitor U0126, Promega), MAPK siRNA (SignalSilence® p44/42 MAPK Erk1/2 siRNA, Cell Signaling Technology), 3 μM STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-201, Selleck Chemicals), or 3 µM PI3K inhibitor (BYL719, Selleck Chemicals) for 48 hr, HLA class I and HLA-DR expression on tumor cell lines was assessed via flow cytometry using anti-HLA class I antibodies (Abs) conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (G46-2, BD Pharmingen) and anti-HLA-DR Abs conjugated with phycoerythrin (TU36, BD Pharmingen). HNSCC cell lines were treated with or without 50 U/ml IFN-γ for 48 hr before the assay. IgG1 (MOPC-21, BioLegend) and IgG2a (MOPC-173; BioLegend) were used as isotype controls. Intracellular IFN-γ staining were performed using Perm/WashTM (BD Pharmingen), Cytofix/CytopermTM (BD Pharmingen), APC-conjugated anti-IFN-γ mAbs (4S.B3, BioLegend), and FITC-conjugated anti-granzyme B mAbs (GB11, BioLegend). Samples were analyzed using the CytoFLEX LX flow cytometer and CytExpert (Beckman Coulter).
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2

Profiling mTOR Pathway Activation in MEF Cells

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MEF cell cultures were incubated in serum-free medium for 24 h before the experiment. Then cells were washed with cold PBS, and lysed with cell lysis buffer from Cell Signaling Technology (#9803), scraped and sonicated briefly. Then the extracts were centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000 × g at 4 °C. The supernatants were aliquoted and stored at −80 °C until used. For the experiments with inhibitors, cells were treated 30 min before harvest with 10 μM MEK inhibitor U0126 (Promega), 50 μM PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (Cell Signaling Technology) and 20 nM mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Calbiochem). Phosphorylation assays were performed by using PathScan®Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) Sandwich ELISA kit (#7205) and PathScan®Phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr37/Thr46) Sandwich ELISA kit (#7216) (Cell Signaling Technology) from the aliquots collected. For the analysis of Total-S6 or Total-4E-BP1 protein levels, PathScan®Total-S6 Ribosomal Protein Sandwich ELISA kit (#7225) and PathScan®Total-4E-BP1 Sandwich ELISA kit (#7179) were used (Cell Signaling Technology). The analyses of the ELISAs were performed on the Tecan Infinite M200 plate reader.
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3

Estrogen-Induced ROS Production Assay

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Cells were plated at 10,000 cells/well in a 96-well plate, allowed to attach overnight, and then treated with 100 μl of media containing 1% four times charcoal-stripped FBS for 48 hr. Cells were loaded with 15μM 2’,7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF) (Enzo Life Sciences) for 1 hr. Then the production of ROS was measured in cells after E2 or DES treatment for 15 min. Hydrogen peroxide (1μM, Fisher Scientific – Pittsburg, PA) and ethanol (0.0001%) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. For both E2 and DES treatments, the concentrations spanned 10−14 to 10−6 M. Dichlorofluorescein production, formed as a result of ROS/DCDHF interaction, was measured at an excitation of 485 nm, and an emission of 538 nm in a SpectraMax M3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices). For studies with MEK inhibitor U0126 (Promega – Madison, WI), cells were co-incubated with 10−7M inhibitor during the last 30 min of the DCDHF incubation.
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4

Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Modulation Experiments

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For signaling pathway inhibition experiments, cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (50 μm) (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μm) (Promega), MEK inhibitor U0126 (10 μm) (Promega), PD98059 (20 μm) (Promega), Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor ZM‐336372 (1‐5 μm) (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA), or ERK inhibitor SCH772984 (1 μm) (AdooQ BioScience, Irvine, CA, USA) for 48 h. For DNA demethylation experiments, cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% ethanol) or 5 μm 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (Sigma) for 48 h.
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5

Cellular Signaling Pathway Analysis

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EGF was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-AKT (Thr308), phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, β-catenin, ERK1/2, and Histone3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). MMP9 antibody was purchased from Bimake (Shanghai, China). GAPDH antibody and HRP-linked anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Bioworld Technology (Louis Park, MN, USA). WNT7A antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). MEK inhibitor U0126 was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA), and PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294402 was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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