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Testosterone

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Testosterone is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics. It is a core product used in research and laboratory settings to study various biological processes related to male physiology and reproduction.

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Lab products found in correlation

Progesterone, by Steraloids (5 mentions) Androstenedione, by Steraloids (5 mentions) Glutamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 17α hydroxyprogesterone, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Dehydroepiandrosterone dhea, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Pregnenolone, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Fetal calf serum (fcs), by Atlanta Biologicals (2 mentions) Ham s f 12, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Gentamicin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal calf serum (fcs), by Equitech-Bio (2 mentions) Bufuralol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 4 hydroxydiclofenac, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 hydroxybufuralol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 3 n desmethyl caffeine paraxanthine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 6β testosterone, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Znso4, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mgcl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Caffeine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Testosterone cypionate (7 citations) Testosterone propionate (4 citations) Testosterone (T) pure standards (2 citations) Crystalline testosterone (2 citations) 6β-testosterone (2 citations) Testosterone-d3 (2 citations)

36 protocols using testosterone

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Steroid Intermediates

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Progesterone (1), pregnenolone (5), 16α,17α-epoxy-pregnenolone (9), 16α,17α-epoxy-Progesterone (14), and 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Testosterone (2), androstenedione (3), DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) (6) were purchased from Steraloids Inc. 16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione (15) was obtained in our previous work by transformation of Testosterone using Aspergillus niger KCH910 [38 (link)]. The last four of the aforementioned compounds and 14 were used as analytical standards for the time course experiments. 16-Dehydro-pregnenolone (8) and 16α-methoxy-pregnenolone (16) (in a ratio of 3:7) were prepared from the 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (20) by its saponification with potassium hydroxide in methanol [39 (link)]. The resulting mixture was chromatographed on a column of silica with cyclohexane/chloroform/diethyl ether (1:0.75:1 v/v/v) as eluent. The products were found to be in excess of 98.5 and 97.2% purity following GC analysis.
Świzdor A., Panek A, & Ostrowska P. (2018). Metabolic fate of pregnene-based steroids in the lactonization pathway of multifunctional strain Penicillium lanosocoeruleum. Microbial Cell Factories, 17, 100.
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2

Adolescent Testosterone and Rodent Discounting

Cited 4 times
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As in our previous studies (Cooper et al. 2014 (link); Wallin and Wood 2015 (link)), rats received daily injections sc of 7.5 mg/kg testosterone (Steraloids, RI) or vehicle (3% ethanol and 13% cyclodextrin (RBI, MA) 5 d/wk, beginning at 5 weeks of age. Pubertal treatment mirrors patterns of human use, where 4–6% of high school boys in the United States have used AAS (Johnston et al., 2013 ). Furthermore, AAS have the strongest behavioral effects in rodents when introduced in adolescence (Salas-Ramirez et al., 2008 (link)). Injections were delivered immediately before rats were placed in the operant chambers. Rats received injections for at least two weeks prior to behavioral testing, and daily injections continued for the duration of the experiment (Figure 1B). testosterone was used because it is the endogenous AAS, and accounts for the largest number of adverse analytical findings (55.5%) in urine tests by World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited laboratories (WADA 2012 ). At 7.5 mg/kg, this dose approximates a heavy steroid dose in humans, and has been used to test effects on rodent discounting behavior (Cooper et al. 2014 (link); Wallin and Wood 2015 (link); Wallin et al, 2015 (link); Wood et al, 2013 (link)).
Wallin-Miller K.G., Kreutz F., Li G, & Wood R.I. (2017). ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS) INCREASE SENSITIVITY TO UNCERTAINTY BY INHIBITION OF DOPAMINE D1 AND D2 RECEPTORS. Psychopharmacology, 235(4), 959-969.
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3

Testosterone-Induced Prostatic Regeneration

Cited 2 times
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Males were castrated as previously described [41 (link)]. After castration, silastic hormone pellets containing 12.5 mg testosterone (Steraloids, Newport, RI) were surgically implanted to induce prostatic regeneration. A 1 cm implant maintains host testoster-one levels at 5.3 T 0.5 ng/ml (18.2 nM) which is similar to eugonadal adult human males [43 (link)]. Animals were age-matched across conditions. All procedures were done in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines, all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Prostatic regression and regeneration each took place over 3 weeks.
MCAULEY E., MOLINE D., VANOPSTALL C., LAMPERIS S., BROWN R, & VANDER GRIEND D.J. (2019). Sox2 Expression Marks Castration-Resistant Progenitor Cells in the Adult Murine Prostate. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 37(5), 690-700.
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4

Steroid hormone quantification protocol

Cited 1 time
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Reagents were of ACS grade or higher (e.g. HPLC and Optima LC/MS) and were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific and used without further purification. Testosterone, epiTestosterone (epi-T), DHEA, DHEA-S sodium salt, DHEA glucuronide (DHEA-G), AST, epi-AST, DHT, 5-adiol, 3α-adiol and 3β-adiol were purchased from Steraloids (Wilton, NH, USA). [2,3,4-13C3]-T ([13C3]-T) and [2,3,4-13C3]-DHT ([13C3]-DHT) were from C/D/N Isotopes (Point-Claire, Quebec, Canada) and Cambridge Isotopes (Andover, MA, USA), respectively. [2,3,4-13C3]-3α-adiol ([13C3]-3α-adiol) and [2,3,4-13C3]-3β-adiol ([13C3]-3β-adiol) were synthesized by an enzymatic method according to our published procedure (Zang et al. 2017 (link)). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DAP) 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBAn), picolinic acid (PA), triethylamine (TEA), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), β-glucuronidase from E. coli and sulfatase from Abalone entrails were from Sigma-Aldrich. Charcoal dextran stripped fetal bovine serum (CD-FBS) was from Atlanta Biologicals (Lawrenceville, GA, USA).
Zang T., Taplin M.E., Tamae D., Xie W., Mesaros C., Zhang Z., Bubley G., Montgomery B., Balk S.P., Mostaghel E.A., Blair I.A, & Penning T.M. (2017). Testicular vs adrenal sources of hydroxy-androgens in prostate cancer. Endocrine-related cancer, 24(8), 393-404.
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5

Chemicals and Reagents for Carcinogenesis Research

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Cyproterone acetate (CAS number 427–51-0) was obtained from Berlex Laboratories, Montville, NJ, or Sigma, St. Louis, MO. Flutamide (CAS 13311–84-7) was obtained from Sigma. testosterone propionate (CAS 57–85-2) and testosterone (CAS 58–22-0) were obtained from Steraloids, Newport, RI, or Sigma. testosterone propionate solution for injection (50 mg/mL, Neohombreol) was obtained from Organon, Oss, Netherlands. Carboxymethylcellulose (CAS 9004–32-4) was obtained from Sigma. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (CAS 684–93-5) was obtained in re-crystallized form from Ash-Stevens, Detroit, MI, until its manufacture there was discontinued and it was obtained since in a non-recrystallized form from the NCI Chemical Carcinogen Repository, Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, and more recently from the MRIGlobal Chemical Carcinogen Repository, MRIGlobal, North Kansas City, MO.
Bosland M.C., Schlicht M.J., Horton L, & McCormick D.L. (2022). The MNU Plus Testosterone Rat Model of Prostate Carcinogenesis. Toxicologic pathology, 50(4), 478-496.
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6

Bovine Ovarian Cell Culture Protocol

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There were no live animals used in this study, so no ethical approval was required. Bovine ovaries were collected at an abattoir where humane slaughter practices were followed, according to USDA guidelines. The hormones and reagents used in cell culture were: ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; NIDDK-oFSH-20; activity: 175 × NIH-FSH-S1 U/mg) from the National Hormone and Pituitary Program (Torrance, CA, USA), recombinant human IGF1 from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); testosterone from Steraloids (Wilton, NH, USA); and fetal calf serum (FCS) from Atlanta Biologicals (Atlanta, GA, USA); ENNA, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 (F12), collagenase, DNase, gentamycin, glutamine, and sodium bicarbonate from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Chiminelli I., Spicer L.J., Maylem E.R, & Caloni F. (2022). In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells. Toxins, 14(10), 714.
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7

Androgenizing Female Rats via Testosterone Implants

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One group of adult female rats was ovariectomized, 1 week after which they received testosterone implants. These remained in place for an additional 1 week, at which time i.t. cannulation and perfusion (see below) were performed. This method, previously used to androgenize gonadectomized adult rats, achieves circulating testosterone levels comparable to those of intact adult male rats (11.7 ± 4.7 ng/ml).70 (link),101 (link) In brief, Silastic laboratory tubing (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) was used for testosterone implants, which consisted of two Silastic tubes (i.d. 0.20 cm, o.d. 0.32 cm, length 3 cm) packed with testosterone (Steraloids, Inc., Newport, RI) and sealed with A-100 Medical Silicone Adhesive (Factor II, Inc., Lakeside, AZ). Implants were submerged in 0.9% saline solution at 37°C for 24 ho urs, and then implanted subcutaneously 3 cm distal to the shoulder blade (under 2.5% isoflurane anesthesia).
Kumar A., Liu N.J., Madia P.A, & Gintzler A.R. (2015). Contribution of Endogenous Spinal Endomorphin 2 to Intrathecal Opioid Antinociception in Rats Is Agonist-Dependent and Sexually Dimorphic. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 16(11), 1200-1210.
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8

Testosterone Effects on Adolescent Rats

Cited 1 time
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Beginning at 5 weeks of age, rats received testosterone (7.5 mg/kg; Steraloids, RI) or vehicle (3% ethanol and 13% cyclodextrin (RBI, MA) in water) by daily sc injection 5 days/week. The 7.5 mg/kg dose approximates a heavy steroid dose in humans, and has been used previously to demonstrate AAS effects on mating and aggression in rats (Clark and Fast, 1996 (link); Clark et al, 1998 (link); Cooper et al, 2014 ; Wood et al, 2013 ). testosterone treatment was initiated in adolescent rats to model human users. A typical AAS user is a young man in his late teens or early 20’s (Pope et al, 2014a (link)). Among U.S. high school students, 4–6% of boys have used AAS, comparable to the rates of crack cocaine or heroin use (Johnston et al, 2013 ). It is estimated that AAS use among men in their 20’s is even higher (Pope et al, 2014b (link)).
Kim J.Y, & Wood R.I. (2014). ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS AND APPETITIVE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN MALE RATS. Hormones and behavior, 66(4), 585-590.
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9

Cell Culture Protocol for Gonadal Cells

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The hormones and reagents used in cell culture were: ovine FSH (NIDDK-oFSH-20; activity: 175 X NIH-FSH-S1 U/mg) and ovine LH (NIDDK-oLH-26; activity: 1.0 X NIH-LH-S1 U/mg) from the National Hormone & Pituitary Program (Torrance, CA, USA); carrier-free recombinant human ANG, WNT3A, FGF9, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and IGF1, recombinant bovine TNFα, and recombinant mouse IHH (amino terminal peptide C28II) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN); recombinant human RNase 1 RNase1) from Novoprotein Scientific, Inc. (Summit, NJ); testosterone from Steraloids (Wilton NH); and cortisol, T4 and E2 from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA); and fetal calf serum (FCS) from EquiTech-Bio, Inc. (Kerrville, TX). Medium used for GC isolation and culture was Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Ham’s F-12 (1:1) containing gentamicin (0.12 mM), glutamine (2.0 mM), and sodium bicarbonate (38.5 mM; Sigma-Aldrich Corp.).
Dentis J.L., Schreiber N.B., Gilliam J.N., Schutz L.F, & Spicer L.J. (2015). Changes in brain ribonuclease (BRB) mRNA in granulosa cells (GC) of dominant versus subordinate ovarian follicles of cattle and the regulation of BRB gene expression in bovine GC. Domestic animal endocrinology, 55, 32-40.
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10

In Vitro Cytochrome P450 Assay

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Lurasidone and iloperidone were obtained from TargetMol (Boston, USA). Caffeine, 3-N-desmethyl Caffeine (paraxanthine), diclofenac, 4′-hydroxydiclofenac, bufuralol, 1′-hydroxybufuralol, NADP, NADPH, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, MgCl2, KCl, ZnSO4, Trizma base and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Testosterone and 6β-Testosterone were from Steraloids (Newport, USA). All the organic solvents with HPLC purity were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Pooled human liver microsomes and microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing human CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 (supersomes) were provided by Corning (Woburn, USA).
Danek P.J., Wójcikowski J, & Daniel W.A. (2020). The atypical neuroleptics iloperidone and lurasidone inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Evaluation of potential metabolic interactions. Pharmacological Reports, 72(6), 1685-1694.
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