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49 protocols using polyvinylpyrrolidone

1

Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization

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Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%), sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4, 99.8%), oxalic acid (H2C2O4, 99.5%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30, K60, K90) and ethanol (99.7%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Silver conductive paste (70%) was purchased from PuQiang (Suzhou) Conductive Paints Co., Ltd. Triply distilled water (1.82 MΩ) was used in all experiments.
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2

Synthesis of Benzopyrene Nanoparticles

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Sodium molybdate dihydrate (H4MoNa2O6), thiourea (CH4N2S), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol (C2H6O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Benzopyrene was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Nitric acid (HNO3, 65–68%) was obtained from Chinasun Specialty Products Co., Ltd. (Changshu, China). None of the above chemical reagents required further purification.
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3

Polyethersulfone Membrane with Vitamin B12

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Polyethersulfone (PES, purity 99%, MV40000) was provided by Jida High-tech Materials Co., Ltd. (Changchun, China). Vitamin B12 (VB12, 1 g) was provided by Saiguo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China. Vancomycin hydrochloride (0.1 g) was provided by Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Shanghai, China. Other chemical reagents, such as Potassium bromide (KBr, purity 99%), N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC, purity 99%), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400, purity 99%), methanol (CH3OH, purity 99%), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, purity 99%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30), formic acid (HCOOH, purity 99%), Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN, purity 99%), acrylic acid (AAC, purity 99%), acrylamide (AAM, purity 99%), and N,N-Dimethylbisacrylamide (BIS, purity 99%) were all provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Reverse osmosis-derived water and deionized water (D.I. water) were used in all experiments.
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4

Lemongrass Oil and Cheese Antimicrobial Evaluation

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Lemongrass oil was purchased from J.E. International (Caussols, France). Fresh hard cheese (Kerrygold Cheddar) was bought from a local supermarket. Soy lecithin, cholesterol, chloroform, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, P. R. China).
Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Beijing, P. R. China) was stored in liquid paraffin wax at 4°C and cultured with shaking at 37°C for 48 h.
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5

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

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TEOS, HAuCl4, and Fe(acac)3 were purchased from Energy Chemical; Dopamine purchased from Alfa Aesar; ammonia solution (25–28 %), ethanol, sodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol, AgNO3, and NaCl were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). All the reagents were used without further purification. Deionized water was used throughout the experiments.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanofibers

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Absolute ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.7%), dimethylformamide (DMF, C3H7NO, 99.5%), zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COOH)2·2H2O, 99%), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA, 99%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 99%) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 99.5%, MW = 1,300,000) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). These chemicals were of analytical grades and used without further purification. The electrospinning needle with a 0.33 mm inner diameter was purchased from Suzhou Lanbo Dispensing Needle Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China).
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7

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

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Folic acid, 2-Hydroxy-1-ethanethiol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Tianjin Guangcheng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China); ethanol, ethyl acetate, sodium hydroxide, oleylamine (OA), isooctane, ascorbic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium (AOT, 98.0%), and dithiothreitol (DTT) were obtained from Macklin reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); and sodium borohydride, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), silver nitrate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and ammonia water were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All reagents were analytically pure and were used as received.
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8

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

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Silver nitrate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, melamine, and the experimental reagents (Na2HPO4·12H2O and MO) were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai Branch, Shanghai, China [44 (link)]. All experimental reagents used were analytically pure and solutions were prepared with ultrapure or deionized water.
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9

Microbial Cell Culture Protocol

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LC-EO was purchased from J. E International (Caussols plateau, France); soy lecithin and cholesterol were obtained from China National Medicine Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); XG was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); V. parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 was bought from China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (Beijing, China) and cultivated in a tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium containing 3% NaCl at 37 °C for 48 h with shaking.
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10

Silica Sol Synthesis and Characterization

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide (30% AR), ethanol (99.7%), ammonia solution (25-28%), furfuryl alcohol (FA, 98.5%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.
Ltd. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) terminated by OH group were purchased from Aladdin Co. All of the mentioned reagents were used as received. Silica Sol 10 ml deionized water was added into 12 ml ethanol. Then 2 ml TEOS was quickly dripped in the mixture of ethanol and water. This solution would be stirred at 600 rpm for 15 s. After that, 0.2 ml ammonia solution was dripped into the mixture under continuous string. Then the stirring rate would be raised to 900 rpm. The final mixture is kept at 25 ºC for 24 h.
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