Thiophene

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom

Thiophene is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Thiophene is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds and materials.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ferrocene, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Dimethyl disulfide, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Aniline, by Merck Group (3 mentions) N butyllithium, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Diethyl disulfide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Xilong (3 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Xilong (3 mentions) Acetic acid, by Xilong (3 mentions) Boric acid, by Xilong (3 mentions) Phosphoric acid, by Xilong (3 mentions) Acetone, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 4 aminophenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) N bromosuccinimide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetone, by Samchun (2 mentions)

41 protocols using thiophene

Crab Shell-Derived Biosensor Fabrication

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Discarded shells of the cooked crabs (Scylla olivacea) were collected from local seafood
restaurants. Thiophene, ammonium persulfate, HX, XA, UA, and CA were
purchased from Sigma Aldrich; and Thiophene was distilled prior to
use. Boric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, disodium hydrophosphate,
sodium dihydrophosphate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and
ethanol were received from Xilong Scientific Co. Nafion aqueous dispersion
(10 wt % in H₂O) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich

Dang N.T., Le T.Q., Duc Cuong N., Linh N.L., Le L.S., Tran T.D, & Nguyen H.P. (2024). Polythiophene-wrapped Chitosan Nanofibrils with a Bouligand Structure toward Electrochemical Macroscopic Membranes. ACS Omega, 9(12), 13680-13691.

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Thiophene-Melamine Polymer Synthesis

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Thiophene (E. Merck), melamine (Fisher Scientific), chloroform (Fisher Scientific), anhydrous ferric chloride (CDH), methanol (E. Merck) and acetone (E. Merck) were used in their original state. Double distilled water (DDW) was used throughout the experiments.

Husain A., Ahmad S., Alqarni S.A., Almehmadi S.J., Yatoo M.A., Habib F., Shariq M.U, & Ali khan M. (2023). Conductive polythiophene/graphitic-carbon nitride nanocomposite for the detection of ethanol mixing in petrol. RSC Advances, 13(18), 12080-12091.

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Glucose Oxidase Catalytic Activity Protocol

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Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4, type VII, from Aspergillus niger, 201 units mg⁻¹ protein) and D-(+)-glucose were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and Carl Roth GmbH + Co.KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Glucose solution was allowed to mutarotate for 24 h before all of the investigations, and the equilibrium between α and β optical isomers was established during this time. All other chemicals that were used in present study were either analytically pure or of highest quality. All of the solutions were prepared using deionized water. The solution of sodium acetate (SA) buffer (0.05 mol L⁻¹ CH₃COONa·3H₂O) with 0.1 mol L⁻¹ KCl was prepared by the mixing of sodium acetate trihydrate and potassium chloride, which both were purchased from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary) and Lachema (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Alfa alumina powder (Al₂O₃, grain diameter 0.3 micron, Type N) was purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, MA, USA). Aniline, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and thiophene were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), pyrrole — from Acros Organics (New Jersey, NJ, USA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) — from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). The polymers were filtered before measurements through 5 cm column that was filled by Al₂O₃ powder to remove the coloured components. All of the solutions were stored between measurements at +4 °C.

German N., Popov A., Ramanaviciene A, & Ramanavicius A. (2019). Enzymatic Formation of Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, and Polythiophene Nanoparticles with Embedded Glucose Oxidase. Nanomaterials, 9(5), 806.

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Synthesis of Thiophene Derivatives

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Analytical grade ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ammonia solution (25 wt %), thiophene, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, acetonitrile, potassium permanganate, 4-aminophenol, 3-bromothiophene, 1,6-dibromohexane, N-bromosuccinimide, acetic acid, sodium hydrogen bicarbonate, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, hydrochloric acid, acetone and ethyl acetate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). acetone was procured from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). thiophene carboxaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol and n-butyllithium (2.0 M in cyclohexane) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Magnesium sulfate anhydrous, ethanol denatured and hexane were received from J. Kollins (Parkwood, Australia), while dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆ (DMSO-d₆) and phthalate esters were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Ultrapure water was prepared by a model Aqua Max-Ultra ultra-pure water purification system (Zef Scientific Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Stock solutions of 1000 mg·L⁻¹ of standards were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of compounds in methanol, which remain stable for three months if stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Working standard solutions were prepared daily by diluting the stock standard solution to the required concentrations.

Baharin S.N., Muhamad Sarih N, & Mohamad S. (2016). Novel Functionalized Polythiophene-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Phthalates. Polymers, 8(5), 117.

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Synthesis of Thiophene Derivative

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Dichloromethane (DCM), AlCl₃, thiophene were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate (TBAFP), acetonitrile (ACN), glacial acetic acid, succinyl chloride, HCl, sodium bicarbonate were from Aldrich (Berlin, Germany). Toluene, D-glucose, ethanol, glucose oxidase (GOx, from Aspergillus niger 200 U/mg), glutaraldehyde (25%) were purchased from Sigma (Berlin, Germany).

Ayranci R., Demirkol D.O., Ak M, & Timur S. (2015). Ferrocene-Functionalized 4-(2,5-Di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)aniline: A Novel Design in Conducting Polymer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 15(1), 1389-1403.

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Synthesis of Epoxy Resin Composite

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Ferrocene, thiophene, N,N′-dimethyl benzyl amine (BDMA), and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetone was purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Korea). Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA) were provided by Kukdo Chemical (Seoul, Korea). All the chemicals were used without further purification.

Shin J., Lee K., Jung Y., Park B., Yang S.J., Kim T, & Lee S.B. (2020). Mechanical Properties and Epoxy Resin Infiltration Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Fiber-Based Single-Fiber Composites. Materials, 14(1), 106.

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Antioxidant Evaluation of Essential Oils

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Absolute ethanol was purchased from Daejung (South Korea). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chromane-2-carboxylic acid), DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and potassium persulfate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (USA). ß-Caryophyllene was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Japan). Camphor and endo-borneol were provided by Alfa Aesar (USA). Thiophene was the internal standard for EO analysis (Sigma, USA). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

Jirakitticharoen S., Wisuitiprot W., Jitareerat P, & Wongs-Aree C. (2023). Terpenoids and Bio-Functions of Essential Oils Hydrodistilled Differently from Freshly Immature and Mature Blumea balsamifera Leaves. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2023, 5152506.

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Thermal CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

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All analytical grade chemicals
were purchased and used without any further purification process.
Ferrocene (Fe(C₅H₅)₂, ≥98%),
thiophene (C₄H₄S, ≥99%), sulfuric acid
(H₂SO₄, 95–98%), and potassium hydroxide
(KOH, ≥90%, flakes) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Pure
methane and hydrogen gases (BOC, UK) were used as the reactant gas
during the growth of CNTR by the thermal CVD technique. A Ni foil
of 99.5% purity (GoodFellow) was used as an anode as well as the Ni
source in the PiNE synthesis. Commercial Pt wires (99.95% purity)
were purchased from BASi and used as counter electrodes for HER and
OER tests. Milli-Q water, with a resistivity of ≈15 MΩ/cm,
was used to prepare all solutions (PureLab option, UK).

Ganguly A., McGlynn R.J., Boies A., Maguire P., Mariotti D, & Chakrabarti S. (2024). Flexible Bifunctional Electrode for Alkaline Water Splitting with Long-Term Stability. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16(10), 12339-12352.

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Reagents for Sulfur Compound Characterization

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Ethanol (≥99.8%) was purchased from VWR (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Tartaric acid (≥99.5%), sodium hydroxide (≥98%), magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (≥99%), and reference standards of ethanethiol (≥98.5%), diethyl sulphide (98%), diethyl disulfide (99%), and thiophene (≥99%) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). For other reference standards, dimethyl sulphide (>99%) and dimethyl disulfide (≥98%) were purchased from Fluka (Charlotte, NC, USA), S-methyl thioacetate (≥98%) from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany), and S-ethylthioate (97%) from Lancaster Synthesis (Morecambe, UK).

De La Burgade R., Nolleau V., Godet T., Galy N., Tixador D., Loisel C., Sommerer N, & Roland A. (2023). New Insights on the Scalping Phenomenon of Volatile Sulphur Compounds on Micro-Agglomerated Wine Closures. Molecules, 28(13), 5094.

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Aerogel CNT Film Fabrication

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Methane was subjected to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) catalyzed by ferrocene (p.a.; Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) and promoted by thiophene (p.a.; Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) inside of a vertical reactor kept at 1200 °C under hydrogen. Continuously produced aerogel that formed inside was drawn directly out from the reactor and transferred onto a fast-spinning winder to yield 10 μm thick CNT films made up of multi-walled CNTs as previously described (Figure 1) [13 (link),27 (link)].
The material was then cut with a razor blade into 10 mm × 40 mm specimens, peeled off the substrate, and transferred onto custom-designed sample holders (Figure 2). The U-shaped holders were made of glass and equipped with Al tape electrical terminals between which the CNT films were placed. Ag conductive paint was used to minimize the possible effect of contact resistance between nanocarbon and the Al terminals through which current was delivered.

Janas D, & Koziol K.K. (2020). The Effect of the Gaseous Environment on the Electrical Conductivity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films over a Wide Temperature Range. Materials, 13(3), 510.

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