from Carbons Finland Oy, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland
Ltd., and Lantmännen Lantbruk. The bark was manually peeled
and cut into 2 cm pieces and stored at −20 °C for further
use. The barks were ground into 1 mm particle size and dried at 40
°C in an oven. Acetone, arabinose, N,O-bistrifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), (+)-catechin, DMSO-d6, fructose, galactose, glucose, heneicosylic
acid (C21 acid), mannose, picein, pyridine-d5, raffinose,
rhamnose, salicin, trimethylsilyl chloride (TMCS), xylitol, and xylose
were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Finland. Betulinol (99.5% purity)
was supplied by Åbo Akademi University. Triandrin was purified
by chromatography (
its size and hydrophobicity differences among all bioactive molecules
from willow hybrid Karin bark extract.15 (link) The purity (ca. 90%) of triandrin was assessed from its nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra (
hybrid and their associated experiment is summarized in