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Polystyrene beads

Manufactured by Spherotech
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Polystyrene beads are spherical polymer particles made of polystyrene. They are available in a range of sizes and can be used in various applications such as immunoassays, cell culture, and flow cytometry.

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Lab products found in correlation

Streptavidin polystyrene beads, by Spherotech (2 mentions) Carboxylated polystyrene beads, by Polysciences (1 mentions) Biotinylated bsa, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sulfo smcc crosslinker, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Platinum wire, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Gold seal coverslips, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (1 mentions) Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Anti digoxigenin fab fragments, by Roche (1 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Tween 20, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Luer lok syringe, by BD (1 mentions) Orca flash 4.0 camera, by Hamamatsu Photonics (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Polyethylene oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cimarec hotplate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cover slip, by Marienfeld (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Streptavidin-coated polystyrene beads Anti-digoxigenin coated polystyrene beads Carboxyl-polystyrene beads Magnetic polystyrene beads Polystyrene beads coated with streptavidin Streptavidin polystyrene beads Polystyrene beads (streptavidin-coated and anti-digoxigenin antibody-coated) Streptavidin modified polystyrene beads 3.4 µm polystyrene beads Streptavidin coated and anti-digoxigenin coated polystyrene beads

16 protocols using polystyrene beads

1

Crosslinker-Mediated Biomolecular Conjugation

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Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker (Thermo Scientific—22622), 1,010 bp DNA functionalized with appropriate end groups (primers specified in the following methods), 1.25 μm streptavidin polystyrene beads (Spherotech—SVP-10-5), 0.75 μm polystyrene beads (Spherotech—PP-08-10), 1.0 μm carboxylated polystyrene beads (Polysciences—08266), biotinylated BSA (5 mg ml−1, received as a gift from Ted Feldman at Harvard University), BSA (Sigma—A3059), 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.9), PBS (1 × , pH 7.4), Whatman Grade 1 Filter Paper (Sigma—WHA1001110), Trichoderma reesei cellulase mixture (Sigma—C2730) and deionized (DI) water were used.
Brady S.K., Sreelatha S., Feng Y., Chundawat S.P, & Lang M.J. (2015). Cellobiohydrolase 1 from Trichoderma reesei degrades cellulose in single cellobiose steps. Nature Communications, 6, 10149.
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2

Polystyrene Beads Characterization and PDMS Fabrication

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4.4 µm diameter (FP-3065-2. Supplier info: 2.5–4.5 µm, mean = 4.41 µm) and 0.9 µm diameter (FP-0852-2. Supplier info: mean = 0.87 µm, std dev = 0.02 µm) polystyrene beads that were made using persulfate as the initiator and thus preserving negative surface charges were purchased from Spherotech (Lake Forest, IL, U.S.A.). SYLGARD 184 silicone elastomer kit for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was obtained from Dow Corning Corporation (Midland, MI, U.S.A.). 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly-(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (brand name Pluronic F108), potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (K2HPO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sucrose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Deionized water was from a Synergy purification system (Millipore, U.S.A.). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), and Fisherbrand Plain Microscope glass slides (75 × 50 × 1.0 mm; U.S.A.) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, U.S.A.). Gold-Seal coverslips were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (48 × 60 mm, No. 1; Hatfield, PA, U.S.A.). Platinum wire was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, U.S.A.).
Luo J., Muratore K.A., Arriaga E.A, & Ros A. (2016). Deterministic Absolute Negative Mobility for Micro- and Submicrometer Particles Induced in a Microfluidic Device. Analytical chemistry, 88(11), 5920-5927.
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3

DNA Origami Tether Experiments

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Constant-trap-position experiments have been performed on a dual optical tweezer (C-TrapTM from Lumicks, The Netherland). Opposite helical domains of the DNA origami structure were linked to two double-stranded 3 kbp-long DNA handles, functionalized at the ends either with digoxygenin or biotin. Digoxygenin- and biotin-functionalized handles were obtained by PCR amplification of the pET-28a vector (5369 bp). DNA handles, bridging the DNA origami to the beads, contained a central PEG9 spacer flanked by two ca. 30 nt-long stretches, one partially complementary to the M13 scaffold and the other partially complementary to the tether. For the tweezers experiment, DNA origami-handles constructs were tethered between 1.76 µm streptavidin polystyrene beads (Spherotech, Inc) and 1 µm polystyrene beads (Spherotech, Inc), previously covalently functionalized with anti-digoxigenin Fab fragments (Roche). Measurements were carried out at room temperature in 1× TEMg buffer with the addition of an oxygen scavenger system (26 U/ml glucose oxidase, 17,000 U/ml catalase).
Kosinski R., Mukhortava A., Pfeifer W., Candelli A., Rauch P, & Saccà B. (2019). Sites of high local frustration in DNA origami. Nature Communications, 10, 1061.
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4

Streptavidin-Biotin HRP Bead Conjugation

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The polystyrene beads (Spherotech, Lake Forest, IL) functionalized with streptavidin were washed thrice in 0.01% v/v Tween-20 in 1X PBS. The beads were then conjugated with biotin-HRP through an overnight incubation and stored in StabilGuard. The concentration of Biotin-HRP was determined by the binding capacity of each bead. The unbound sites for streptavidin were blocked by StabilGuard. Before each use, the beads were washed with 1X PBS to ensure there were no unbound biotin-HRP molecules in the solution to produce background fluorescence.
Karnik S., Lee C., Cancino A, & Bhushan A. (2018). Real-time measurement of cholesterol secreted by human hepatocytes using a novel microfluidic assay. Technology, 6(3-4), 135-141.
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5

RecBCD-Mediated DNA Tethering Assay

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The complete construct was incubated for 15 min on ice with 0.9 µm polystyrene beads (Spherotech), coated with anti-Digoxigenin (anti-DIG). The reaction was then diluted 1000-fold in RB, with the addition of a 1:1 ratio of Mg·ATP, 0.05 mg/ml BSA, and an ATP regeneration system consisting of 7.5 mM phosphocreatine and 0.05 mg/ml creatine phosphokinase. Tether formation was performed in situ (inside the experimental chamber) by trapping an anti-DIG bead (bound by DNA) in one trap, trapping a 0.9 µm streptavidin-coated polystyrene beads in the second trap, and bringing the two beads into close proximity to allow binding of the biotin tag in the DNA to the streptavidin in the bead. The laminar flow cell (Lumicks) had four channels: streptavidin beads pre-bound to the DNA construct, anti-digoxigenin beads, RB, and RB with the addition of RecBCD. Single DNA tethers were verified in the buffer-only channel and then held at a tension of 5 pN and translocated to the RecBCD channel until activity was observed as indicated by a rapid decrease in the extension and increase in the force.
Zananiri R., Mangapuram Venkata S., Gaydar V., Yahalom D., Malik O., Rudnizky S., Kleifeld O., Kaplan A, & Henn A. (2022). Auxiliary ATP binding sites support DNA unwinding by RecBCD. Nature Communications, 13, 1806.
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6

3D Fibroblast Embedding in Matrigel

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Samples consisted of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts embedded in Matrigel containing scattering polystyrene beads. Cells were maintained in tissue culture flasks with media consisting of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. To prepare samples, the cells were trypsinized, pelleted, and resuspended in chilled (4 °C) media at a concentration of 3.33 × 104 cells/mL. 1 µm-diameter polystyrene beads (Spherotech Inc.) were added to the suspension to achieve a concentration of 5.3 × 108 beads/mL. The cell-bead suspension was added to Matrigel in a 30:70 ratio, resulting in a final cell concentration of 1 × 104 cells/mL, and final bead concentration of 1.6 × 108 beads/mL (yielding an average bead spacing of approximately 18 μm). (The impact of bead density on the level of noise in CTF reconstructions is explored in the Supplementary Discussion.) The resulting mixture was deposited in 100 µL aliquots on glass-bottomed petri dishes and left to gel in an incubator for 20 minutes, before being covered in culture media. Samples were kept in an incubator overnight (~12 hours) prior to imaging.
Mulligan J.A., Feng X, & Adie S.G. (2019). Quantitative reconstruction of time-varying 3D cell forces with traction force optical coherence microscopy. Scientific Reports, 9, 4086.
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7

Polystyrene Beads Characterization Protocol

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In all studies mentioned, we used 1% (w/v) 0.8 µm purple (Ex. 580nm, Em. 620/30 nm) Polystyrene beads (Spherotech Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA).
Goldstein Y., Tischenko K., Brill-Karniely Y, & Benny O. (2021). Enhanced Biomechanically Mediated “Phagocytosis” in Detached Tumor Cells. Biomedicines, 9(8), 947.
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8

Immunoprecipitation of Fas Complex

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IP-FCM performed according to the previously described51 (link) with slight modifications. Briefly, polystyrene beads (Spherotech) were coated with a monoclonal antibody against Fas (Apo-1-3) as described by manufacturer’s instruction. To capture Fas complex in the nucleus, IP beads were incubated with lysate of the nuclear fraction of SW480 cells and washed to remove excess lysate. The washed IP beads were incubated with unrelated IgG or a primary antibody against Fas, pY1068 EGFR, or pY705 STAT3 followed by a corresponding secondary antibody. Then the IP beads were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Ta N.L., Chakrabandhu K., Huault S, & Hueber A.O. (2018). The tyrosine phosphorylated pro-survival form of Fas intensifies the EGF-induced signal in colorectal cancer cells through the nuclear EGFR/STAT3-mediated pathway. Scientific Reports, 8, 12424.
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9

Polystyrene Bead Suspension Preparation

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10 μm polystyrene beads (Spherotech) suspended in deionized water were diluted to a final concentration of 3 × 106 beads per mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, GIBCO) with 0.05% Tween 20 (Sigma). The working beads solution was placed in 2 mL glass vials (Chromacol clear 9 mm Screw Thread Glass Vial) and vortexed prior to each use in the microfluidic device.
Duchamp M., Dahoun T., Vaillier C., Arnaud M., Bobisse S., Coukos G., Harari A, & Renaud P. (2019). Microfluidic device performing on flow study of serial cell–cell interactions of two cell populations. RSC Advances, 9(70), 41066-41073.
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10

RNA Construct Manipulation Using Optical Tweezers

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The experimental setup for optical tweezers has been described previously (29 (link),30 (link)). More detailed description for an instrument similar to the one we used can be found in a recent report (31 (link)). Briefly, the two ends of an RNA construct were attached to two polystyrene beads (2.1 µm in diameter; Spherotech) coated with streptavidin and anti-digoxigenin antibodies, respectively. One bead was fixed on a micropipette and the other was trapped by laser beams, the position of which can be tuned to control the relative distance between these two beads. For force-ramp experiments, the trap was moved at a rate of 100 nm/s. For constant-force experiments, the position of the trap was feed-backed (with a frequency of 2 KHz) to maintain a preset force. The experiments were performed in a buffer containing 10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.0, 200 mM KCl and 20 mM MgCl2, unless otherwise noted.
Wu Y.J., Wu C.H., Yeh A.Y, & Wen J.D. (2014). Folding a stable RNA pseudoknot through rearrangement of two hairpin structures. Nucleic Acids Research, 42(7), 4505-4515.
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