Poly vinylpyrrolidone pvp k30

Potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂), copper(II) chloride (CuCl₂), and dimethyl sulfoxide were supplied by Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP K30) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). O-Phenylenediamine (OPDA) was received from Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Copper and iron standard solutions were obtained from Guobiao Testing and Certification Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and used as received.

Tilmicosin standard (content: 80.7%) was purchased from Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Native tilmicosin (content: >98%) was brought from QILU Pharmaceutical (Neimenggu, China). Tilmicosin premix was provided by Hvsen Biotech Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Tilmicosin oral solution (content: 10%) was provided by Guangdong Wens Co., Ltd. (Guangdong, China). Indomethacin, verapamil, and EDTA-2Na were provided by Source Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Poloxamer 188 (MW: 102.133, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance: 16.0), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, MW: 30,000–70,000), polyacryl resin II (PR II, soluble pH > 6.0, equivalent to pig duodenum pH) were obtained from CHINEWAY (Shanghai, China). Pepsin (1:10,000) sucrose, starch, and carnauba wax were provided by Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Poly-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP_K30, MW: 111.144), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCC-Na), NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, KCl, NaH₂PO₄, and glucose were obtained from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Na¹³¹I and Na^99mTcO₄ were obtained from Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated of Xiamen University. The ¹⁸F-FDG was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. Na¹²⁵I was obtained from China Isotope & Radiation Corporation. GSA kits were obtained from Beijing Shihong Pharmaceutical Center of Beijing Normal University. Palladium(ii) acetylacetonate (Pd(acac)₂, 99%) was bought from Alfa Aesar. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP K30) was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol (mPEG-SH, 5 K) was bought from Sinopeg Biotech Co., Ltd. N,N-Dimethylpropionamide (DMP) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC. The TLC strips were detected with a Mini-Scan radio-TLC Scanner (BioScan, USA). The radioactivity was measured with a γ-counter (WIZARD 2480, Perkin-Elmer, USA) and CRC-25R Dose Calibrators (CAPIN-TEC. Inc, USA). The SPECT imaging study was performed with a nanoScan SPECT/CT scanner (Mediso, HUNGARY). Animal PET/CT scans were performed using an Inveon device (Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., USA). PA imaging was performed with Nexus 128 photoacoustic tomography systems (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). TEM images were recorded on a TECNAI F-30 high-resolution transmission electron microscope operating at 300 kV.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydrate (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), triethanolamine (TEA), ammonia solution (NH₃·H₂O), CTAB, and methanol were provided by Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Absolute ethanol (EtOH) was obtained from Anhui Ante Food Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). LA, TEOS, DA, TMB, F127, PEI, 1-tetradecanol (TD), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), sodium sulfate (Na₂S·9H₂O), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and MTT were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). DOX was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was provided by Hangzhou Sijiqing Bioengineering Material Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123), trypsin-EDTA, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The HepG2 cell line was provided by Procell Life Science Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All reagents were directly used without any further purification.