Explore locus

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan

The EXplore Locus is a compact and versatile lab equipment product developed by GE Healthcare. It is designed for image-guided procedures and interventions. The core function of the EXplore Locus is to provide high-quality imaging capabilities to support various medical and scientific applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Microview software, by GE Healthcare (7 mentions) Microview, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions) Microplate reader, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Microview aba 2, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Elisa kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Explore reconstruction utility software, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) μct100, by Scanco (1 mentions) Stereomicroscope, by Nikon (1 mentions) Olive oil, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)

31 protocols using explore locus

Micro-CT Analysis of Murine Arthritis

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In separate experiments, the right hind limbs (DR3^wt baseline n = 5, DR3^wt CIA n = 14 and DR3^ko baseline n = 5, DR3^ko CIA n = 8) were scanned using a GE Explore Locus microcomputed tomography (μCT) system at 20 μm voxel resolution obtained from 720 views. Beam angle of increment was 0.5; beam strength 80 peak-kV and 450 μA. Each blind run included DR3^wt and DR3^ko baseline and CIA bones, and a calibration phantom to standardize grayscale values and maintain consistency. Femoral bone analyses were performed in trabecular bone (1% of total length proximal to the growth plate, extending 2 mm toward the diaphysis, excluding outer cortical bone). Trabecular bone mineral content (BMC), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb·Th), spacing (Tb·Sp), and number (Tb·N) values were computed by MicroView software (GE). Cortical measurements were performed in a 2 × 2 × 2 mm cube midway down the bone.

Collins F.L., Williams J.O., Bloom A.C., Singh R.K., Jordan L., Stone M.D., McCabe L.R., Wang E.C, & Williams A.S. (2017). CCL3 and MMP-9 are induced by TL1A during death receptor 3 (TNFRSF25)-dependent osteoclast function and systemic bone loss. Bone, 97, 94-104.

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Femoral Head Micro-CT Analysis

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All the animals in each group were euthanized, the right and left femoral heads were dissected, and the soft tissue on the femoral head was carefully removed. All the samples were scanned and reconstructed with a micro-CT scanner (GE eXplore Locus, USA) to assess the relevant bone parameters, such as the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), BV/tissue volume (TV), bone surface (BS)/BV, trabecular space (Tb. Sp) and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th). The region of interest (ROI) size was X: 2.8207; Y: 2.8413; Z: 2.2854 (millimeters), the position of ROI was above and below the epiphyseal plate in the middle of the femoral head. the scanning resolution was 27 μm, the scanning voltage was 74.01 kV, the current was 133.0 μA, and the threshold was 75–255. All the data were analyzed by GE Micro View software.

Zhao J., Meng H., Liao S., Su Y., Guo L., Wang A., Xu W., Zhou H, & Peng J. (2022). Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in early traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 37, 126-142.

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Trabecular Bone Micro-architecture Analysis

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The measurement of trabecular micro-architecture was performed on an micro-CT system (eXplore Locus, GE Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA) with the voltage set at 80 kV, current at 80 μA, angular rotation at 360°, and angular step at 0.4°. The femur was scanned from the proximal growth plate in the distal direction (14 μm/slice). The ROI was selected at a distance of 0.16 mm from the distal end of the growth plate. BMD, BMC, TMD, TMC, Tb.Th., Tb.Sp., BVF, and BS/BV were measured.
The U-Ca, S-Ca, S-P, ALP, and TRAP levels were measured by standard colorimetric methods using commercially available assay kits. The BGP, DPD, and CTX-I levels were measured using the ELISA kits and the micro-plate reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA).

Xia T., Dong X., Jiang Y., Lin L., Dong Z., Shen Y., Xin H., Zhang Q, & Qin L. (2019). Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Extract Protects against Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Mainly via Intervening Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis. Molecules, 24(2), 253.

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Microstructural Bone Analysis in Mice

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Fixed femurs were scanned using a GE Explore Locus microcomputed tomography (μCT) system at a voxel resolution of 20 μm obtained from 720 views. Beam angle of increment was 0.5, and beam strength was set at 80 peak kV and 450 uA. Each run consisted of control (non-Ovx) and Ovx and Ovx + L. reuteri treated mouse bones, and a calibration phantom to standardize grayscale values and maintain consistency. On the basis of autothreshold and isosurface analyses of multiple bone samples, a fixed threshold (760) was used to separate bone from bone marrow. Bone measurements were blinded; thus, knowledge of what mouse condition the analyzed bone was from was unknown until the final data was pooled. Trabecular bone analyses were performed in a region of trabecular bone defined at 1% of the total length (~0.17 mm) proximal to the growth plate of and extending 2 mm toward the diaphysis excluding the outer cortical bone. Trabecular bone mineral content, bone volume fraction, thickness, spacing, and number values were computed by a GE Healthcare MicroView software application for visualization and analysis of volumetric image data. Cortical measurements were performed in a 2 X 2 X 2 mm cube centered midway down the length of the bone using a threshold of 1000 to separate bone from marrow.

Britton R.A., Irwin R., Quach D., Schaefer L., Zhang J., Lee T., Parameswaran N, & McCabe L.R. (2014). Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model. Journal of cellular physiology, 229(11), 1822-1830.

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Micro-CT Analysis of Extraction Socket

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The animals were euthanized by CO₂ overdose at the designated time points (days 10 and 21). The maxillary segments were dissected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for 2 d and then transferred to 70% alcohol before micro–computed tomography (microCT) scanning. The harvested specimens were scanned with a microCT scanning system (eXplore Locus, GE Healthcare; Scanco μCT-100, Medical AG) at 10- to 18-μm voxel resolution with an energy level of 70 to 80 kV (Kuroshima et al. 2013 (link)). The scans were reconstructed to produce 2- and 3-dimensional images of the maxillary specimens, and all microCT assessments were performed by masked examiner (S.H.Y.). The GEMS MicroView software was used for the analysis (Parallax Innovations Inc.). The extraction sockets of the mesial roots were isolated by manual contouring and analyzed with regard to the percentage of bone fill. The dimensional change of the alveolar ridge was evaluated with the frontal view of the alveolar ridge 1 mm mesial from the second molar over the extraction socket and with the cementoenamel junction as a reference to calculate the vertical height loss at the buccal, middle, and lingual (V1 to V3) crestal surfaces. Alveolar ridge width was measured from the most crestal point of the alveolar ridge with 0.2-mm incremental descending levels to capture the morphology of the alveolar bone (H1 to H3).

Wang C.W., Yu S.H., Fretwurst T., Larsson L., Sugai J.V., Oh J., Lehner K., Jin Q, & Giannobile W.V. (2020). Maresin 1 Promotes Wound Healing and Socket Bone Regeneration for Alveolar Ridge Preservation. Journal of Dental Research, 99(8), 930-937.

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Micro-CT Analysis of Femoral Bone

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To evaluate bone reaction, micro-CT analysis (n = 5 per group) were performed by two independent examiners on explanted femurs with an Explore Locus micro-CT scanner (GE Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada), without using contrast agents. Protocols and procedures of micro-CT scan acquisitions were already described by Lovati et al. 2013 [24] . The images from each sample were binarized at identical thresholds to allow for unbiased identification of bone damage and osteolysis.
The image analysis was designed on a volume of interest (VOI) to evaluate the outer bone volume of the femur to measure any anatomical changes. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured after calibration using a phantom placed in the field of view of the scanned specimens. The BMD (mg/cc) was measured on the bone volume designed on the femoral bone by the Micro View image viewer (version 2.1.2; GE Healthcare). BMD data were then normalized on the baseline BMD obtained in the control group I.

Lovati A.B., Romanò C.L., Monti L., Vassena C., Previdi S, & Drago L. (2014). Does PGE1 Vasodilator Prevent Orthopaedic Implant-Related Infection in Diabetes? Preliminary Results in a Mouse Model. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e94758.

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Femoral Head Micro-CT Analysis

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All the right femoral heads and 10 left femoral heads were scanned and reconstructed with a micro-CT scanner (GE e Xplore Locus, USA) to and assess the relevant bone parameters, such as the BMD(bone mineral density), BV(bone volume), BV/TV(bone volume/tissue volume), BS/BV(bone surface/bone volume), Tb. Sp(trabecular space) and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness). The ROI Size was X:2.8207; Y:2.8413; Z:2.2854 (millimeters), the scanning resolution was 27 μm, the scanning voltage was 74.01 kV, the current was 133.0 μA, and the threshold was 75–255. All the data were analyzed by GE Micro View software.

Zhao J., Yue T., Lu S., Meng H., Lin Q., Ma H., Liu G., Li H., Lu Q., Wang A., Xu W., Feng J., Wan Y., Liao S., Zhou X, & Peng J. (2021). Local administration of zoledronic acid prevents traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat model. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 27, 132-138.

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Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Reaction

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To evaluate bone reaction in terms of bone resorption and osteomyelitis, micro-CT analysis was performed on all rats with a scanner (Explore Locus; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) using 80-kV voltage, 400-µA current with 400-msec exposure time per projection and 400 projections over 360°, a total scan time of 10 minutes, and an isotropic resolution of 93 μm. We analyzed the three-dimensional reconstructed images with MicroView version 2.1.2 software (GE Healthcare). After scan calibration, we created two box volumes of interest: the first sized 440 mm³ (X: 15; Y: 15; Z: 20) between the femoral and tibial metaphysis, including the knee and the femoral and tibial epiphysis; and the second sized 200 mm³ (X: 8; Y: 8; Z: 8) including the femoral metaphysis. The bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cc) within these two volumes of interest was quantitatively measured and reported as the percentage of relative decrease in the Control group. Histogram-based isosurface renderings were performed on the knee and femoral metaphysis to obtain a qualitative assessment of the bone and periimplant tissues to better appreciate the gross changes.

Lovati A.B., Bottagisio M., Maraldi S., Violatto M.B., Bortolin M., De Vecchi E., Bigini P., Drago L, & Romanò C.L. (2018). Vitamin E Phosphate Coating Stimulates Bone Deposition in Implant-related Infections in a Rat Model. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 476(6), 1324-1338.

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Femoral Bone Microstructural Analysis

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Femoral bone was collected at the day of harvest and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. Bones were transferred to 70% ethanol and scanned using a GE Explore Locus microcomputed tomography (μCT) system at a voxel resolution of 20 μm obtained from 720 views. Each run included bones from mice of each experimental condition, as well as a calibration phantom to standardize gray scale values and maintain consistency across analyses. A fixed threshold (841) was used to separate bone from the bone marrow. Femur trabecular bone analyses were performed from 1% of the total length proximal to the growth plate, extending 10% of bone length toward the diaphysis, and excluding the outer cortical bone. Trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), thickness (Tb. Th), spacing (Tb. Sp), and number (Tb. N) were computed using GE Healthcare MicroView software. Femoral trabecular isosurface images were taken from a region in the femur where analyses were performed measuring 1.0 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter. Cortical measurements were performed in a 2- × 2- × 2 mm cube region of interest centered midway down the length of the bone. All bone analyses were done blinded to the experimental conditions.

Rios-Arce N.D., Schepper J.D., Dagenais A., Schaefer L., Daly-Seiler C.S., Gardinier J.D., Britton R.A., McCabe L.R, & Parameswaran N. (2020). Post-antibiotic gut dysbiosis-induced trabecular bone loss is dependent on lymphocytes. Bone, 134, 115269.

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In Vivo Abdominal CT Imaging of Mice

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In the 12-week model, the abdomen of each mouse was scanned prior to sacrifice using an X-ray computed tomography (CT) system (eXplore Locus; GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences GK, Tokyo, Japan) developed for small experimental animals [14 (link)]. The mice were anesthetized for the duration of the scan, and non-contrast CT scanning was performed.

Nozaki Y., Fujita K., Wada K., Yoneda M., Shinohara Y., Imajo K., Ogawa Y., Kessoku T., Nakamuta M., Saito S., Masaki N., Nagashima Y., Terauchi Y, & Nakajima A. (2015). Deficiency of eNOS exacerbates early-stage NAFLD pathogenesis by changing the fat distribution. BMC Gastroenterology, 15, 177.

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