Sabinene

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Italy, Germany

Sabinene is a naturally occurring organic compound that is commonly used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry applications. It is a bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon that can be extracted from various plant sources. Sabinene serves as a standard for identification and quantification purposes in analytical procedures, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

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Sabinene hydrate (4 citations)

31 protocols using sabinene

Comparative Analysis of Tillandsia xiphioides Ecotypes

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All the flowers of T. xiphioides studied in this report come from the
Tillandsia PROD plant nursery located in the commune of Le Cailar
(Occitania, France). The plant nursery includes about 500,000 Tillandsia,
of 350 species, varieties, forms, and hybrids. T. xiphioides is known to present many ecotypes differing on pubescence from lepidote
mentose with dense wolly hairs, among other characteristics.²³ For the PCA, two forms of T.
xiphioides called in this paper Low-Pubescent T. xiphioides (LP-xiphi) and High-Pubescent T. xiphioides (HP-xiphi) according to, respectively,
weak and strong morphological development of trichomes on the leaves,
were used (see Figures S1 and S2 in Supporting Information). A total of 10 plants of each form providing 2–3
flowers each were harvested from February to May 2020.
All chemicals
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA): α-pinene
(98.5% purity), sabinene (75%), β-pinene (98.5%), β-myrcene
(90%), limonene (99%), eucalyptol (99%), β-ocimene (95.4%),
γ-terpinene (98.5%), β-linalool (97%), α-terpineol
(90%), geraniol (99%), geranyl acetate (99%), and nerolidol (98.5%).
All have an analytical standard grade except for sabinene.

Lo M.M., Benfodda Z., Bénimélis D., Fontaine J.X., Molinié R, & Meffre P. (2021). Development of a HS-SPME/GC-MS Method for the Extraction and Identification of the Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers of Tillandsia xiphioides. ACS Omega, 6(19), 12691-12698.

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Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts

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The standard substances α-pinene (98%), sabinene (95%), p-cymene (99%), limonene (97%), linalool (97%), γ-terpinene (96%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (98.5%), germacrene D (90%), α-humulene (96%), caryophyllene oxide (95%) (98%), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (99%), caffeic acid (98%), o-hydroxybenzoic acid (99%), rosmarinic acid (97%), rutin (94%), AAPH (97%), and fluorescein (99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louise, MO, USA), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (98%), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (98%), and salvigenin (98%) were purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China); vitexin (≥95%) was purchased from PhytoLab GmbH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Bavaria, Germany). Solvents and other reagents used in the extraction process, GC/FID grade dichloromethane, ammonium formate (99%), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), formic acid HPLC grade, potassium persulfate (99%), and absolute ethanol (96%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); commercial ethanol (96%) was acquired from SUQUIN (Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia).

Beltrán S.B., Sierra L.J., Fernández-Alonso J.L., Romero A.K., Martínez J.R, & Stashenko E.E. (2023). Antioxidant Properties and Secondary Metabolites Profile of Hyptis colombiana at Various Phenological Stages. Molecules, 28(19), 6767.

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Identification of Volatile Compounds

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For the identification of volatiles, the following analytical standards purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) were used: α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, 1,8-cineole, camphene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, δ-3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, trans-pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, myrtenal, citronellol, isobornyl acetate, (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, (E)-β-ionone, and caryophyllene oxide. The reference drug suramin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Ngahang Kamte S.L., Ranjbarian F., Campagnaro G.D., Biapa Nya P.C., Mbuntcha H., Woguem V., Womeni H.M., Tapondjou L.A., Giordani C., Barboni L., Benelli G., Cappellacci L., Hofer A., Petrelli R, & Maggi F. (2017). Trypanosoma brucei Inhibition by Essential Oils from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Traditionally Used in Cameroon (Azadirachta indica, Aframomum melegueta, Aframomum daniellii, Clausena anisata, Dichrostachys cinerea and Echinops giganteus). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7), 737.

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Yeast Hexokinase Enzymatic Assay

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All buffers, reagents and cofactors (for example, bis-tris propane, glucose, limonene, pinene, sabinene, FBP, ATP, NAD(P)⁺, coenzyme A and so on) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Yeast Hex (H6380) was from Sigma. Hexanes, isopropyl myristate and nonane were from ARCOS and were the highest grade available. Liquid and solid media for growth of E. coli was from Fisher Scientific (BD Difco).

Korman T.P., Opgenorth P.H, & Bowie J.U. (2017). A synthetic biochemistry platform for cell free production of monoterpenes from glucose. Nature Communications, 8, 15526.

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Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oils

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Bornyl acetate (99%), camphene (95%), camphor (96%), carvarol (98%), (−)-carveol (95%), (+)-carvone (96%), β-caryophyllene (98.5%), caryophyllene oxide (95%), β-citronellal (95%), citral (95%), 1,8-cineole (99%), p-cymene (99%), decyl chloroformate (97%), dodecanoic acid (98%), β-farnesene (90%), geranyl acetate (97%), geraniol (98%), isopulegol (98%), linalool (97%), limonene (97%), limonene oxide (97%), methyl linolenate (99%), myrcene (90%), myristic acid (99%), palmitic acid (99%), α-phellandrene (85%), α-pinene (98%), pivalic acid (99%), sabinene (75%), α-terpineol (90%), γ-terpinene (97%), 4-terpineol (95%), terpinolene (90%), and tymol (99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Achillea millefolium L. flowers, Citrus aurantium L. fruits, Leptospermum petersonii F. M. Bailey leaves, Ruta graveolens L. leaves, and Thymus vulgaris L. leaves were collected from a local store in Chonju, Korea. Sample specimens were authenticated by Jeongmoon Kim at Chonbuk National University, Korea. Essential oils of the five plants were obtained by steam distillation extraction, and finally dried over Na₂SO₄ to extract the pure essential oils (Table 1).

Park J.H., Jeon Y.J., Lee C.H., Chung N, & Lee H.S. (2017). Insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from Thymus vulgaris Lin. against Pochazia shantungensis Chou & Lu., newly recorded pest. Scientific Reports, 7, 40902.

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Evaluation of Commercially Available Essential Oil Compounds

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Eight commercially available EO-derived compounds were tested. The following compounds were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (Warsaw, Poland): cinnamaldehyde (trans-3-phenyl-2-propenal, MW = 132.16 g/mol), carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, MW = 150.22 g/mol), thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol, MW = 150.22 g/mol), (R)-(+)-Limonene ((R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, MW = 136.23 g/mol), (S)-(−)-limonene ((S)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl cyclohexene, MW = 136.23 g/mol), sabinene (4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo [3.1.0]hexane, MW = 136.23 g/mol), α-pinene (2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-2-ene, MW = 136.23 g/mol), and β-pinene (6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo [3.1.1]heptane, MW = 136.23 g/mol). For testing, starting stock solutions at 100 mg/mL were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, Warsaw, Poland).

Trzaskowska M., Vivcharenko V., Kazimierczak P., Wolczyk A, & Przekora A. (2023). In Vitro Screening Studies on Eight Commercial Essential Oils-Derived Compounds to Identify Promising Natural Agents for the Prevention of Osteoporosis. Biomedicines, 11(4), 1095.

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Molecular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle

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Sabinene, NAC, and 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMEM, FBS, horse serum, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) and trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Antibodies including Alexa Fluor^® 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Life Technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA), anti-p38 MAPK, anti-phospho p38 MAPK, and anti-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-myosin heavy chain (MYH)-2, anti-phospho ERK1/2, anti-MuRF-1, and anti-β-actin antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) were used in this study.

Ryu Y., Lee D., Jung S.H., Lee K.J., Jin H., Kim S.J., Lee H.M., Kim B, & Won K.J. (2019). Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK–MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4955.

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Analytical Reagents for Phytochemical Analysis

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The following chemicals and reagents were used for the analyses: methanol (99.95%), acetonitrile (99.99%), and ammonium acetate, purchased from Carl Roth GmbH and Co. KG (Germany); tetrahydrofuran (99.7%) from VWR International GmbH (Germany); methyl tert-butyl ether (99.8%) from Geyer GmbH & Co. KG (Germany); formic acid (98-100%), dichloromethane (99.9%), isopropanol (99.95%), Tween 20 from Serva Electrophoresis GmbH (Germany); methyl salicylate (MeSA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) from Merck AG (Germany); C7-C40 alkanes (Supelco-49452-U), terpinenes (α, δ, ɣ), trans-β-ocimene, n-hexanal, nonanal, nerolidol, β-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, phellandrenes (α, β), β-caryophyllene and β-carotene from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany); α-carotene, (9Z)-neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin from CaroteNature GmbH (Switzerland). Lutein was isolated from Tagetes erecta by flash chromatography. After saponification, the lutein was purified and crystallized. Its structure was elucidated by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Baldermann, 2008 ), and compared to the authentic reference compound purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany).

Errard A., Ulrichs C., Kühne S., Mewis I., Mishig N., Maul R., Drungowski M., Parolin P., Schreiner M, & Baldermann S. (2016). Metabolite Profiling Reveals a Specific Response in Tomato to Predaceous Chrysoperla carnea Larvae and Herbivore(s)-Predator Interactions with the Generalist Pests Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1256.

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Evaluating Juniper EO Effects on KM24 Morphology

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The morphology of KM24 after treatment with sub-MICs of juniper EO, α-pinene, and sabinene (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Saint Louis, USA) was evaluated by SEM (SU3500 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). After 5 days of cultivation, one drop of KM24 culture was deposited on a carbon sticker, air-dried, and coated with gold. For observations of samples, a low voltage (15 kV) was used.

Myszka K., Tomaś N., Wolko Ł., Szwengiel A., Grygier A., Nuc K, & Majcher M. (2021). In situ approaches show the limitation of the spoilage potential of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oil against cold-tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescens KM24. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105(10), 4255-4268.

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Analysis of Essential Oil Compounds

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Aromadendrene, Borneol, α-Bisabolol, Camphene, Carvacrol, Caryophyllene oxide, 1,8-Cineole, α-Humulene, Limonene, Linalool, (E)-β-Ocimene, α-Phellandrene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Sabinene, α-Terpinene, γ- Terpinene, Terpinen-4-ol, α-Terpineol, α-Thujene, Thymol, soluble starch, DNSA (dinitrosalicylic acid), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium acetate were bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Amato G., Caputo L., Francolino R., Martino M., De Feo V, & De Martino L. (2023). Origanum heracleoticum Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities. Plants, 12(4), 866.

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