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6 protocols using berbamine

1

GPCR Compound Library Screening

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Serotonin (5-HT), 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and DMSO were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The GPCR Compound Library was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Catalog No. L2200) pre-dissolved in DMSO (10mM). 5HT7 ligands DR4485, LY215840, metergoline and 5-Carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Methoxy-isoquninoline alkaloids (rotundine, tetrabenazine, berbine, palmatine, tetrandrine and berbamine) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, while fangchinoline was purchased from AK Scientific.
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2

Berbamine-based Nanomedicine Formulation

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Berbamine (BBM), Mitomycin C, Pluronic F-127, poly (ethylene glycol)-10,000 (PEG – 10,000), Rhodamine 123, Tween-80, propidium iodide (PI), 6-coumarin, protease inhibitor cocktail, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), glycine, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), D-α-Tocopherol poly (ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS), bradford reagent, triethyl amine (TEA), crystal violet, gelatin, brilliant blue G, p-coumaric acid and luminol were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Glycerylmonooleate (GMO) was purchased from Eastman (Memphis, TN). Sodium chloride was procured from MP biomedical (Cedex, France). Acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Spectrochem, Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Dimethyl sulphoxide, ammonium acetate and acetic acid were obtained from Merck, India Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Tris base was purchased from Promega (Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin). All other chemicals used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and used without further purification.
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3

Isolating and Treating Endothelial Cell Subsets

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The tdTomatoVEcadherin+, tdTomatoVE+cadherin+ and tdTomatoVE+cadherin cells were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and cultured as described previously [47 (link)]. Berbamine (547190; Sigma-Aldrich), transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 (7666-MB; R&D Systems) and BMP-1 (RDC2450; R&D Systems) treatments were performed as described in the Results section. Lentiviral vectors containing cytomegalovirus (CMV)–activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)5, CMV-FoxA2, MGP or FoxA2 short interfering (si)RNA were all purchased from GeneCopoeia and applied to the cells as per the manufacturer's protocols.
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4

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cell Subsets

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The tdTomato-VE−cadherin+, tdTomatoVE+cadherin+ and tdTomatoVE+cadherin− cells were isolated by FACS and cultured as previously described [46 (link)]. Berbamine (Sigma-Aldrich, 547190), TGFβ1 (R&D system, 7666-MB) and BMP-1 (R&D system, RDC2450) treatments were performed as described in the main text. Lentiviral vectors containing CMV-ALK5, CMV-FoxA2, MGP or FoxA2 siRNA were all purchased from GeneCopeia and applied to the cells as per the manufacturer’s protocols.
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5

Natural Product Screening Protocol

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Ampicillin, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Tris-HCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), dithiothreitol (DTT), sandalwood oil, berbamine, celastrol, EGCG, rosmarinic acid, perifosine, and SB203580 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sandalore was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, Canada). Phenirat was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Natural Product Libraries were provided by Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) was from Welgene (Daegu, Korea). HBS-EP buffer was purchased from Cytiva Life Sciences (MA, USA). His Capture Kit were purchased from iCluebio (Seongnam, Korea). The antibody against OR2AT4 was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The antibodies against the following proteins were purchased from Cell signaling Technology (Beverly, USA): caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-8, phosphor-Akt, Akt, phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK, phosphor-signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5), STAT5, β-actin, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse/rabbit IgG antibody.
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6

Langendorff-Perfused Rat Heart Assay

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Male SD rats were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (45 mg/kg, i.p.). The hearts were rapidly excised and retrogradely perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer at 37 °C by using the Langendorff technique at a constant pressure of 80 mm Hg as previously described.50 (link) LV pressure was monitored using a water-filled latex balloon connected to a pressure transducer (AD Instrument, Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia) and inserted into the LV cavity achieving a LVEDP between 0 and 8 mm Hg. LVDP, LVEDP, maximal rates of pressure development over time (+dP/dtmax) and pressure decay over time (−dP/dtmax), and heart rate were monitored with PowerLab system (AD Instrument). Berbamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), dissolved in deionized distilled water, was added to perfusate at final concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 nM and a specific Akt1/2 inhibitor A6730 (2.5 μM, Sigma) was added at the onset of reperfusion for 5 min. At the end of the reperfusion, the hearts were rapidly removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen for immunoblotting analysis.
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