N methyl 2 pyrrolidone

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) graphite and NCM622 were used as active materials for the anodes and cathodes, respectively. HOPG was purchased from Alfa Aesar. LiTFSI and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from JUNSEI, Japan. Super P was purchased from Timcal, Switzerland. The electrolyte containing 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DEC (50/50 = v/v) with 10 wt% FEC was purchased from Wellcos Corporation, South Korea. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR, Zeon) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC, Sigma-Aldrich) binders were used for the graphite electrodes. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Kynar) binder was used for the NCM622 electrodes.

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ or NCM622, D50 = 10.7 μm, L&F corporation, South Korea) and LiFePO₄ (LFP, ECOPRO BM, South Korea) were used for the cathodes. A solution of 1 M BBr₃ in hexane, anhydrous DEC, anhydrous dimethyl carbonate (DMC), LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO₃, anhydrous DOL, anhydrous DME, and anhydrous hexane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. The electrolyte containing 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DEC (50/50 = v/v) with 10 wt% FEC was purchased from Wellcos Corporation, South Korea. Super P (Timcal, Switzerland) conductive carbon and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Kynar) binder were used for the NCM622 electrodes. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from JUNSEI, Japan. Polyethylene (PE) separators (SK Innovation, South Korea) were used for coin-cell tests.

PEGDE (M_n = 500), 1‐(3‐aminopropyl) imidazole, Na‐CMC (M_w = 250 000), and PVDF (M_w = 534 000) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (USA). Ethanol was purchased from Samchun (South Korea). Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂∙6H₂O) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA). The average particle size of the Si/C composite was 10 µm. Super P was purchased from Timcal (Switzerland). A dialysis membrane tube with a molecular weight cut‐off of 1 kDa was purchased from Membrane Filtration Products, Inc. (USA). N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from Junsei (Japan).