choline chloride ([Ch]Cl, ≥98% purity) and choline dihydrogen
citrate ([Ch]DHC, 99% purity) from Sigma-Aldrich, potassium bicarbonate
(99.7% purity) from Honeywell Fluka, and potassium carbonate (99%
purity) from Merck. Regarding the HBDs, glycerol (G, 98–101%
purity) acquired from Pharmachem Sušnik, ethylene glycol (EG,
≥99.5% purity) purchased from Fluka, acetic acid glacial (AA,
100% purity) supplied by Honeywell, and oxalic acid (OA, 98% purity),
malic acid (MA, 98% purity), and citric acid monohydrate (CA, 100.5%
purity) from Sigma-Aldrich were used. Sodium hydroxide (98% purity)
was obtained from Honeywell Fluka. Chitin from shrimp shells (practical
grade, powder) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich.