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5 protocols using bgj398

1

Sphere Assay for Stem Cells

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Cells were suspended in DMEM/F12 (1:1) supplemented with B27 supplement (Invitrigen), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and recombinant fibroblast growth factor basic (bFGF) (Sigma). EGF (20 ng/ml) and bFGF (25 ng/ml) were used together or separately depending on experimental designs. Cells were seeded in Ultra-Low attachment 24-well plates (Corning) at a density of 1,000 cells per well. In some experiments, 1 μM BGJ398 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or 0.1% DMSO was added. After 10-14 days, MTT solution (Sigma) was added to visualize any spheres formed and pictures were taken. The number of spheres was quantified by ImageJ 1.42q software (Wayne Rasband).
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2

AZD4547 Receptor Signaling Profiling

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AZD4547 was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). FGFR1, FGFR2, p-FGFR, EGFR, p-EGFR, ErbB2, p-ErbB2, Akt, p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, mTOR, p-mTOR, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, p70S6K, p-p70S6K, β-catenin, p-β-catenin, Dvl2, Oct4A, and p-Lrp6 primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). Erk2, p27, and β-actin primary antibodies, BGJ398, and SU5402 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Primary antibodies used for IF staining, including Cytokeratin 14 (K14), Cytokeratin 8/18 (K8/18), and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) were purchased from Leica Biosystems (Buffalo Grove, IL), Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA), and Sigma (St. Louis, MO), respectively.
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3

Matrigel Invasion Assay for Cell Migration

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Cell invasion assays were performed in BioCoat Matrigel Invasion Chambers (Becton-Dickinson, Bedford, MA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, 500 μl DMEM containing 10% FBS (GIBCO) or 25 ng/ml bFGF (Sigma) were added to the lower part of the chamber, whereas cells (8×104) in 500 μL DMEM were seeded to the upper part. Cells were allowed to invade the matrigel for 48 h. In some experiments, 1 μM BGJ398 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or 0.1% DMSO was included in the upper-chamber medium. Cells that invaded to the lower surface of the membrane were fixed and stained with 0.5% crystal violet (Sigma) and counted under a microscope in six random fields.
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4

Integrated Signaling Pathways in Wound Healing

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Reagents were analytical grade and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (UK) unless otherwise stated. Recombinant human FGF-2 (#100-18B) was from PeproTech (UK), recombinant human TGFβ1 (#240-B) from R&D Systems (UK), BGJ398 from Santa Cruz (USA), Gö6976 from Cell Signaling Technology (USA), and SB431542 from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). An equivalent volume of vehicle was used a control for each compound in experiments: 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 5 mM TRIS for FGF-2, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for BGJ398, Gö6976 and SB431542, and 0.1% (w/v) BSA in 4 mM HCl for TGFβ1. Antibodies to phosphorylated Smad2 (#3108), Smad2 (#5339), protein kinase Cα (PKCα, #2056), phosphorylated Akt (#4060), Akt (#9272), phosphorylated Erk1/2 (#4377), and Erk1/2 (#4695) were from Cell Signaling Technology (USA). Antibodies to syndecan-4 were from Santa Cruz (sc-12766) or Biovision, USA (#3644). Antibodies to FGF-2 (sc-79) were from Santa Cruz (USA), phosphorylated PKCα (07-790) from Merck Millipore (Germany), and β-actin (#A1978) from Sigma-Aldrich (UK).
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5

Boyden Chamber Cell Migration Assay

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Cells (8×104) in 500 μL DMEM containing 1% FBS were seeded into the upper part of the Boyden chamber with 8-μm pore filters (Corning, Cambridge, MA). Cell migration was induced by 10% FBS (GIBCO) or 25 ng/ml bFGF (Sigma) in the lower part. In some experiments, 1 μM BGJ398 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or 0.1% DMSO was included in the upper-chamber medium. After 48 h, cells that had migrated to the lower surface of the membrane were fixed and stained with 0.5% crystal violet (Sigma) and counted under a microscope in six random fields.
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