Acetylcholine chloride, (-)-nicotine tartrate, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), amphotericin B, penicillin/streptomycin, protease type XIV, collagenase Type I, poly-D-lysine hydrobromide, Red Blood Cell Lysis solution, dimethylsulfoxide, and all salts were purchase from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Varenicline tartrate and tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Abindgon, UK). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and Glutamax were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum was from LabClinics (Barcelona, Spain) and the D-glucose from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain).
Varenicline tartrate
Manufactured by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
Varenicline tartrate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a salt form of varenicline, a pharmacological agent. The core function of varenicline tartrate is to serve as a research tool, typically in the field of biomedical or pharmaceutical research. No further interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use is provided.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetylcholine chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Red blood cell lysis solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicotine tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Collagenase type 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetrodotoxin citrate ttx, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
D glucose, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Protease type xiv, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Poly d lysine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutamax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amphotericin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 2 hydroxyethyl 1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid hepes, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clozapine n oxide, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Cno dihydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Membrane potential blue kit, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Flexstation 3, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using varenicline tartrate
1
Primary Cell Culture Isolation
2
Varenicline Tartrate Acquisition Protocol
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Varenicline tartrate was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Geneva, Switzerland).
3
Preparation of Nicotine and Varenicline Solutions
4
Rotarod Evaluation of Varenicline and CNO
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Varenicline tartrate (1 mg/Kg; Tocris, 3754) and Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO) Dihydrochloride (5 mg/Kg; Tocris, 6329) were dissolved in NaCl 0.9% (saline) and injected 30 and 60 minutes before rotarod test, respectively.
5
Membrane Potential Assay for Nicotinic and Serotonergic Receptors
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The methods were used essentially
as described previously.30 (link) In brief, fluorescent
membrane potential dye (Membrane Potential Blue kit, Molecular Devices)
was diluted in flex buffer (10 mM HEPES, 115 mM NaCl, 1 mM KCl, 1
mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM glucose, pH
7.4), and 100 μL was added to each well of transfected cells.
The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 45 min, and then fluorescence
was measured in a FlexStation 3 microplate reader (Molecular Devices)
at 2 s intervals for 200 s. Varenicline tartrate (Tocris) or 5-HT
(Sigma) was added to each well after 20 s. The change in fluorescence
(ΔF) was defined as Fmax (peak fluorescence) – Fmin (baseline fluorescence). Data were normalized to the maximum ΔF with the highest concentration of 5-HT. Concentration–response
data were fitted to the four-parameter logistic equation using Prism
(GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA).
as described previously.30 (link) In brief, fluorescent
membrane potential dye (Membrane Potential Blue kit, Molecular Devices)
was diluted in flex buffer (10 mM HEPES, 115 mM NaCl, 1 mM KCl, 1
mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM glucose, pH
7.4), and 100 μL was added to each well of transfected cells.
The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 45 min, and then fluorescence
was measured in a FlexStation 3 microplate reader (Molecular Devices)
at 2 s intervals for 200 s. Varenicline tartrate (Tocris) or 5-HT
(Sigma) was added to each well after 20 s. The change in fluorescence
(ΔF) was defined as Fmax (peak fluorescence) – Fmin (baseline fluorescence). Data were normalized to the maximum ΔF with the highest concentration of 5-HT. Concentration–response
data were fitted to the four-parameter logistic equation using Prism
(GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA).
6
Varenicline and Ethanol Interaction
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Varenicline tartrate (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) at 1.0 µm was administered alone or in combination with 320 mg/dl ethanol according to previous protocols established in our laboratory (Balaraman et al., 2012 (link)), and four independent samples from each group were collected for analysis.
7
Nicotine and Varenicline Solution Preparation
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Working concentrations of nicotine solutions were prepared by serial dilution of a 10 M L-nicotine stock solution (Acros, AC181420250) using embryo water. Varenicline tartrate (Tocris, #3754) was obtained in powder-form and dissolved in embryo water to obtain a 10−2 M stock solution. Subsequent serial dilutions were carried out as needed with embryo water to obtain the desired working concentrations.
8
Nicotine and Varenicline Administration Protocols
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Nicotine hydrogen tartrate (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) was dissolved in 0.9% saline and the pH was adjusted to 7 with NaOH solution. Varenicline tartrate (Tocris, UK) was dissolved in 0.9% saline. For the osmotic minipumps, nicotine solutions were dissolved in 0.9% saline and did not require any pH adjustment.
All doses of drugs are expressed as those of the base.
All doses of drugs are expressed as those of the base.
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