1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a laboratory chemical compound. It is a phospholipid molecule.

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Lab products found in correlation

Chloroform, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Mouse serum albumin, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (4 mentions) 1 2 dimyristoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 2 oleoyl 1 palmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Cholesterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Milli q plus water purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cholesteryl hemisuccinate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 palmitoyl 2 hydroxy sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions) L α phosphatidylcholine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Isopropanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 2 distearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phospho 1 rac glycerol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 palmitoyl 2 oleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions) Fengycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 palmitoyl 2 oleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nonactin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 oleoyl rac glycerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

45 protocols using 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine

Characterization of Fengycin Lipopeptides

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Lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Pelham, AL): 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol) (POPG), 1,1′,2,2′-tetraoleoyl cardiolipin[4-(dipyrrometheneboron difluoride)butanoyl] (ammonium salt) (TOCL), 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol (GMO), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and ergosterol (ERG) Phloretin, myricetin, 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃), 4-{4-[4-(dipentylamino)phenyl]-1,3-butadienyl}-1-(4-sulfobutyl)pyridinium hydroxide (RH 421), tetracaine hydrochloride (TTC), Triton X-100 (TX-100), caffeine, nonactin, KCl, CHES, HEPES, KOH, and hexadecane were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO).
Fengycin, purchased from Sigma Chemical, is a lipopeptide mixture synthesized by the Bacillus subtilis strain F-29-3. It is composed of two components, FE A and FE B (Fig. 1S, Supplementary Information).

Zakharova A.A., Efimova S.S., Malev V.V, & Ostroumova O.S. (2019). Fengycin induces ion channels in lipid bilayers mimicking target fungal cell membranes. Scientific Reports, 9, 16034.

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Dispersing Engineered Nanomaterials for In Vivo Studies

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Particles were prepared into homogenous dispersions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) immediately prior to each in vivo exposure. The following were added to PBS for adequate dispersion of engineered nanomaterials (CNT and TNB): 5.5 mM d-glucose, 0.6 mg/ml mouse serum albumin, and 0.01 mg/ml 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). This dispersion medium has previously been shown to not significantly alter pulmonary responses compared to PBS alone (Porter et al., 2008 (link)). TNB were suspended by mechanical stirring for 1 h to avoid potential fracture by sonication (Xia et al., 2013 (link)). Remaining particles were sonicated for 1 min with a 500 W, 20 kHz Qsonica Q500 (Newtown, CT) cup-horn system at 30% amplitude pulse.

Trout K.L, & Holian A. (2020). Macrophage fusion caused by particle instillation. Current Research in Toxicology, 1, 42-47.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Lipid Structures

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Hexadecylamine, 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and silica gel (100–200 mesh) was purchased from S.D Fine Chemicals Private Limited. Other chemicals were purchased from Loba Chemie or Merck Limited unless mentioned otherwise. Solvents used were analytically pure and used without further purification.

Sharma N., Dhyani A.K., Marepally S, & Jose D.A. (2019). Nanoscale lipid vesicles functionalized with a nitro-aniline derivative for photoinduced nitric oxide (NO) delivery. Nanoscale Advances, 2(1), 463-469.

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Flavonoid and Lipid Characterization

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Flavonoids (quercetin dihydrate, morin dihydrate and kaempferol hydrate) and lipids (1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) from Sigma and 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL)) were used as received. Laurdan (6-dodecanoyl-2-(dimethylamine)-naphthalene) from Molecular Probes Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) and DPH (diphenylhexatriene) from Sigma were employed without further purification.
All solvents and reagents used were reagent grade, spectroscopic or HPLC quality. Water was purified and deionized using a Waters Milli-Q system.

Günther G., Berríos E., Pizarro N., Valdés K., Montero G., Arriagada F, & Morales J. (2015). Flavonoids in Microheterogeneous Media, Relationship between Their Relative Location and Their Reactivity towards Singlet Oxygen. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0129749.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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DTX with purity of 98% was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), ascorbic acid, and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Bovine serum albumin (molecular weight [MW] 66,000 Da) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphoetha-nolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG2k-DSPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and were used as supplied.

Kang J.H, & Ko Y.T. (2015). Lipid-coated gold nanocomposites for enhanced cancer therapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 10(Spec Iss), 33-45.

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Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, product #P2663). 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, product #P0763). Lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) was acquired from Patterson Veterinary (Greeley, CO, catalog #078696319). Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium chloride or magnesium chloride was from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, catalog #D8537). TrophAmine 10% amino acid solution was acquired from Medline Industries (Northfield, IL, catalog #BMGS9341H). Ethanol was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, catalog #E7023–500ml). Mouse albumin was acquired from Innovative Research (Novi, MI, catalog #IRMSA) and tested free of common murine pathogens (IDEXX, IMPACT 1 PCR Panel). Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) was acquired from Sky Spring Nanomaterials, Inc (Houston, TX). Tetramethylrhodamine anionic lysine-fixable dextran (rhodamine dextran, 3000 MW, catalog #D3308) and Alexa Fluor 680 anionic dextran (3000 MW, catalog #D34681) were acquired from ThermoFisher (Waltham, MA).

O’Connell R.C., Dodd T.M., Clingerman S.M., Fluharty K.L., Coyle J., Stueckle T.A., Porter D.W., Bowers L., Stefaniak A.B., Knepp A.K., Derk R., Wolfarth M., Mercer R.R., Boots T.E., Sriram K, & Hubbs A.F. (2022). Developing a Solution for Nasal and Olfactory Transport of Nanomaterials. Toxicologic pathology, 50(3), 329-343.

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Purification and Formulation of AmB

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1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC: purity ≥ 99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol sodium (DPPG: purity ≥ 99%), and amphotericin B (AmB: purity > 80%) powder were purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. The AmB drug was purified before use as follows: (1) the drug powder was dissolved in high purity water, and then the solution was centrifuged for 15 min at 15,000× g in order to remove microcrystals of the drug still remaining in the sample; (2) the drug solution was further purified by means of HPLC using a YMC C-30 (Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany) coated phase reversed column (length 250 mm, internal diameter 4.6 mm) with 40% 2-propanol in H₂O as a mobile phase [43 (link)]; (3) the AmB powder with a purity of 90.2% was obtained after evaporating the water. The other chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. The high purity water used in all experiments was obtained from a Milli-Q plus water purification system (18.2 MΩ/cm, Millipore, MA, USA).
The DPPC and DPPG with a molar ratio of 4:1 were fully dissolved in a chloroform/methanol (9:1, v:v) mixture to yield a final concentration of 0.5 mM lipid membrane-forming solution. AmB was dissolved in a 3:1 (v:v) mixture of dimethylformamide and 1 M HCl to yield a final concentration of 0.5 mM.

Wang J., Wang J., Wang X, & Wang Z. (2023). Effect of Amphotericin B on the Thermodynamic Properties and Surface Morphology of the Pulmonary Surfactant Model Monolayer during Respiration. Molecules, 28(12), 4840.

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Graphene-Lipid Bilayer Composite Synthesis

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All starting materials and solvents were used as received. The primary graphite powder (grade 2369) used was obtained from Graphexel Ltd (UK). 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) (≥99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) (≥99%), 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) (≥95.5%) and cholesterol (≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and kept refrigerated. Sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄) (BioXtra, ≥99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH₂PO₄) (≥99%) from Fisher Scientific.

Williams A.T., Donno R., Tirelli N, & Dryfe R.A. (2018). Phospholipid-mediated exfoliation as a facile preparation method for graphene suspensions. RSC Advances, 8(34), 19220-19225.

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Standardized Nanomaterial Dispersion Protocol

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Particles were prepared into homogenous dispersions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) immediately prior to each in vivo exposure. The following were added to PBS for adequate dispersion of engineered nanomaterials (CNT and TNB): 5.5 mM d-glucose, 0.6 mg/ml mouse serum albumin, and 0.01 mg/ml 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). This dispersion medium has previously been shown to not significantly alter pulmonary responses compared to PBS alone (Porter et al., 2008 (link)). TNB were suspended by mechanical stirring for 1 h to avoid potential fracture by sonication (Xia et al., 2013 (link)). Remaining particles were sonicated for 1 min with a 500 W, 20 kHz Qsonica Q500 (Newtown, CT) cup-horn system at 30% amplitude pulse.

Trout K.L, & Holian A. (2020). Macrophage fusion caused by particle instillation. Current Research in Toxicology, 1, 42-47.

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Curcumin Lipid-based Nanoformulations

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Sigma-Aldrich Co (Barcelone, Spain) supplied Curcumin (Cur), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), cholesterol (Cho), cholesteryl hemisuccinate (Chems), l-α-Phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (EPC) and 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was purchased from Roquette (Lestrem, France). Other chemicals were high-quality analytical. Solvents were HPLC quality.

Fernández-Romero A.M., Maestrelli F., Mura P.A., Rabasco A.M, & González-Rodríguez M.L. (2018). Novel Findings about Double-Loaded Curcumin-in-HPβcyclodextrin-in Liposomes: Effects on the Lipid Bilayer and Drug Release. Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 256.

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