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40 protocols using spectrum orange

1

FISH analysis of COL1A1 and PDGFB genes

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COL1A1 and PDGFB gene status were studied by FISH on cells from primary culture by using Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes (Children Hospital Research Institute, Oakland, CA) covering the PDGFB (RP11-630N12 RP11-506F7) and COL1A1 (RP11-93L18, RP11- 131M15) genes [70 (link)]. BACs were labelled with Spectrum Green or Spectrum Orange (Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, IL) by nick translation (Nick translation KIT; Abbott Molecular). Probe labelling and cells treatments for FISH were carried out according to manufacturer's instruction.
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2

FGFR1 Gene Amplification Analysis by FISH

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We conducted the FISH assay on the TMAs using commercially available FGFR1 probes that hybridized to the 8p12–8p11.23 region using the fluorophore, Spectrum Orange (red) and to the centromere region of chromosome 8 (CEP 8) using the fluorophore, Spectrum Green (Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, IL) following the manufacturers’ protocol. FISH results were interpreted by two expert evaluators (S.O.Y. and E.K.K.) without knowing the clinical information. Cells with sharp borders of nuclei, no signs of over-digestion, or non-overlapping nuclei were counted. Normal tissues including blood vessels, fibroblasts, or adjacent normal squamous epithelium served as internal positive controls. Tumor tissue was scanned for hot spots under 40× or 63× objective lens. Twenty contiguous tumor cell nuclei from three hot spots or random areas resulting in a total of 60 nuclei were individually evaluated under the 100× objective lens by counting red FGFR1 and green CEP8 signals. FGFR1 gene amplification was defined as 1) an FGFR1/CEP8 ratio of at least 2 and the average number of FGFR1 signals per tumor cell nucleus of at least 4 or 2) an average number of FGFR1 signals per tumor cell nucleus of at least 6 [15 (link), 28 (link)].
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3

Comprehensive BRCA1 Rearrangement Analysis

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Complementary approaches were adopted to study rearrangements involving the BRCA1 region in the DNA extracted from fresh-frozen ovarian carcinoma of patient 129-O-14; III-1. Array-CGH was performed using Agilent ISCA 8 × 60 v2 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA), data were analyzed using BlueFuse Multi v.4.0 software (Bluegnome, Breaks House/Mill Ct, Cambridge CB22 5LD, UK) and heterozygosity was assessed through the analysis of 11 microsatellites mapping to chromosome 17 (panels 23 and 24 by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) using automated sequencing, with DNA extracted from surrounding normal tissue as control.
Moreover, chromosome 17 copy number was assessed by FISH of FFPE samples of neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue from patients 129-O-14;III-1, 55-O-12;III-5, 91-O-14;III-1 and 106-O-14;III-1, using a chromosome 17 probe (CEP 17, Spectrum Orange, Abbott Molecular, USA) as previously described [21 (link)]. Tumors with a signal score beyond the cut-off value (set at the mean ± 3SD of non-neoplastic cells) were considered to have gain or loss of chromosome 17.
The study was performed in accordance with the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki; BRCA testing diagnosis and research was approved by the Ethics Boards of the three participating centers.
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4

Fluorescent Labeling of BAC Clones

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DNA from each positive Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clone was directly labelled with either SpectrumOrange or SpectrumGreen deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP; Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, IL, USA). Labelled BACs were hybridised to male metaphase chromosomes spreads, visualised and imaged as previously described protocol described [40 (link)].
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5

Interphase FISH Assay for Chromosomal Aberrations

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Cells were exposed to 0.075M KCl at 37°C for 20 minutes, fixed with Carnoy’s fixative, and dropped on slides. Slides were then incubated in 2XSSC at 37°C for 30 minutes, dehydrated through ethanol series, air dried and the following probes were applied: LSID13S319/LSI 13q34, CEP4, CEP10, and CEP 17 (Abbott Molecular), and homebrew probes for chromosome 5 and 9. BAC 53k22 (5p15) and P1-1069 (CDKN2A) were labeled in Spectrum Orange (Abbott Molecular). BAC 98O22 (5q31) and PACS 835j22 and 1132h12 (ABL) were labeled in Spectrum Green (Abbott Molecular). After overnight hybridization at 37°C, slides were washed in 0.4XSSC/0.1% Igepal at 72°C for 2 minutes, followed by 2XSSC/0.3% Igepal at room temperature for 2 minutes, counterstained with DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and imaged on the Bioview Duet Image Analyzer. A minimum of 200 cells was scored per sample.
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6

FISH Analysis of EGFR in Glioblastoma

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FISH was performed on cell suspensions prepared from glioblastoma models using a standard laboratory protocol. Briefly, a dual color probe set was used to detect the presence of EGFR (Spectrum Orange, 7p11.2–p12) and the centromere of chromosome 7 (Spectrum Green, 7p11.1–q11.1) following the manufacturer’s instructions with modifications (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL). Both interphase and metaphase cells were analyzed. At least 10 metaphase chromosome spreads were examined, and images were captured using Leica DM6 via a 60X oil objective and CytoVision imaging system (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL).
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7

Chromosome Analysis and FISH Validation

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblastoid (EBV-B) cell lines were obtained from the Coriell Institute (Camden, NJ) for validation. G-banded chromosome analysis was performed using standard protocols for more than 100 cells in each EBV-B cell line16 (link). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed for NA18612 using standard procedures with BAC clones labeled by nick translation with SpectrumOrange or SpectrumRed, SpectrumGreen dUTP (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL)16 (link),17 (link). BAC clones were selected from the UCSC Genome Browser.
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8

Chromosome Analysis via FISH

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R- and G-banding chromosomal analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis followed standard procedures. Probes used for FISH analysis are listed in Table S1. Non-commercial probes were labeled with SpectrumOrange- and SpectrumGreen-d-UTP (Abbott Molecular, Ottigne, Belgium) using random priming. FISH experiments were evaluated using an Axioplan 2 fluorescence microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device Axiophot 2 camera (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany) and a MetaSystems Isis imaging system (MetaSystems, Altlussheim, Germany). Two to 10 abnormal metaphases and/or 200 interphase cells were evaluated in each FISH experiment.
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9

FISH Assay for BAC Probes

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Both commercial and in-house made [bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)] probes were employed for FISH experiments (Table S1). The BAC probes were obtained from Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute [C.H.O.R.I.; BAC-P1 derived artificial chromosome (PAC) resources, C.H.O.R.I., California], labeled with either Spectrum Green or Spectrum Orange fluorochromes (Abbott Molecular, Des Plains, Illinois) by means of nick translation (Nick Translation Reagent Kit, Abbott Molecular) following manufacturer’s instructions, and validated on normal metaphase from peripheral blood and on FFPE positive controls. The FFPE samples were treated for FISH following standard procedure. A minimum of 50 nuclei were analyzed using a Leica DM 6000B (Wetzlar, Germany) microscope at 100× magnification and the appropriate fluorescence filters. The images were captured using Cytovision software (version 7.0 Leica). The positivity thresholds used were 15% and 10% for break apart and fusion respectively.
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10

Detecting 15q11-13 Copy Number Variations

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The detection of CNAs involving 15q11-13 was identified using Vysis probes with GABRB3 labeled with SpectrumOrange and the D15Z1 CEP15 labeled with SpectrumGreen (Abbott Molecular Inc.). For the preparation of metaphase spreads, cell lines were exposed to colcemid for 3 h ~24 h after feeding. After treatment with hypotonic solution the cells were fixed in Carnoy’s fixative dropped onto glass slides. Prior to hybridization the slides were dehydrated through an ethanol series of 70, 85 and 100% for one minute each. Heat denaturation, hybridization in humidified chambers and washes were performed following supplier’s recommendations. DAPI-vectorshield mounted slides were visualized with on a Zeiss microscope with images of individual nuclei captured using the automated MetaSystems platform.
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