G mops

Manufactured by Vitrolife

Sourced in Sweden

G-MOPS is a culture medium developed by Vitrolife for use in assisted reproductive technologies. It is designed to support the growth and development of embryos during in vitro culture.

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Lab products found in correlation

Hyaluronidase, by Vitrolife (3 mentions) G ivf plus, by Vitrolife (3 mentions) Cetrotide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ovoil, by Vitrolife (2 mentions) Spermrinse, by Vitrolife (2 mentions) Vitrification kit, by Kitazato (2 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hyaluronidase, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lsm 700, by Zeiss (2 mentions) G ivf medium, by Vitrolife (1 mentions) G 2 plus media, by Vitrolife (1 mentions) Calcium ionophore, by Merck Group (1 mentions) G1 medium, by Vitrolife (1 mentions) Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hyase 10x, by Vitrolife (1 mentions) Puromycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Sendai virus, by Cosmo Bio (1 mentions) Cytochalasin b, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cytochalasin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

G-MOPS PLUS (40 citations) G-MOPS medium (10 citations) G-Mops-V1 (3 citations) G-MOPS media (2 citations) G-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) medium (2 citations)

37 protocols using g mops

Oocyte Collection and Embryo Transfer in Aged Mice

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For the oocyte collection (n = 8 young, 14 aged, 12 aged + açaí), the mice were superovulated with 5 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG; Sigma G-4877, St. Louis, MO, USA) followed 48 h later by 5 IU hCG (Sigma CG-5). The mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation 23 h after the hCG administration for oviduct dissection. The cumulus-oocyte complexes were isolated from the ampullae in G-MOPS+ (Vitrolife, Stockholm, Sweden) and were exposed to hyaluronidase (Sigma H-3757) to denude the cumulus cells. The oocytes were stored at −80 °C in PBS+PVA for later protein analysis.
The donor young, aged, and aged + açaí mice (n = 10, 20, and 12, respectively) underwent superovulation prior to mating with fertile CF-1 males. The female mice were superovulated with 5 IU PMSG, followed 48 h later by 5 IU hCG, then immediately bred overnight. A copulatory plug was taken as evidence of successful mating, and was considered D1 of pregnancy. On D4 of pregnancy, the mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and the uterine horns were dissected and flushed with G-MOPS+ (Vitrolife). The embryos were collected from the uterine flushings and allowed to equilibrate in G-2 Plus Media (Vitrolife) at 37 °C under 5% O₂ and 7% CO₂ prior to embryo transfer.

Lane S.L., Parks J.C., Russ J.E., Khan S.A., Schoolcraft W.B., Yuan Y, & Katz-Jaffe M.G. (2021). Increased Systemic Antioxidant Power Ameliorates the Aging-Related Reduction in Oocyte Competence in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), 13019.

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Oocyte activation via ionomycin treatment

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The oocytes collected from each cycle were cultured at 37°C in a humidified triple-gas incubator with 6% CO₂ and 5% oxygen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for at least 2 h before removing cumulus cells. Subsequently, all metaphase II oocytes were treated according to the standard ICSI procedure (15 (link)). Oocyte activation with ionomycin was performed according to previous reports (16 (link), 17 (link)). Briefly, thirty minutes after ICSI, the oocytes were immediately exposed to activated liquid droplets (G-mops, Vitrolife, Sweden) containing 10 μmol/l ionomycin (Sigma Aldrich, USA) for 10 minutes, rinsed with medium (G-mops, Vitrolife, Sweden) 3 times, and transferred to embryo culture medium (G1, Vitrolife, Sweden).

Ruan J.L., Liang S.S., Pan J.P., Chen Z.Q, & Teng X.M. (2023). Artificial oocyte activation with Ca2+ ionophore improves reproductive outcomes in patients with fertilization failure and poor embryo development in previous ICSI cycles. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1244507.

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Oocyte Extraction from Superovulated Mice

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Female mice were given subcutaneous injections of PMSG (10 IU) on 2 consecutive days, following an 30 IU of hCG administration on day 3 to induce ovulation. Mice were sacrificed 26 h post-hCG injection for oocyte collection. The ovaries and fallopian tubes were removed and washed with prewarmed G-MOPS media (G-MOPS, Vitrolife, Sweden). Ampulla regions of both side were isolated and the oocytes were collected by making a small incision in the ampulla (Fig. 4A,B,C,D) and by dissecting the ovaries under a stereo microscope. Retrieved oocytes were collected in a prewarmed (37°C) MOPS buffered media (G-MOPS, Vitrolife, Sweden) under mineral oil (Ovoil, Vitrolife), (Fig. 4E andF).

Karabulut S., Camcı İ.Y., Altun C.E., Usta M, & Yiğit P. (2024). Assessing the Impact of the Novel Sperm Selection Technique 'Annexin-V Coated Polystyrene Bead Technique' on Mouse Assisted Reproductive Techniques Outcomes: Preliminary Findings. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.).

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Aroclor 1254 Exposure on Sperm Motility

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Stock solutions of Aroclor 1254 at 50 mg l⁻¹ dissolved in olive oil were stored at 4°C and diluted to 1, 5, or 25 mg l⁻¹ at the time of treatment. The final olive oil concentrations in the culture medium did not exceed 0.3% (v/v), which did not affect sperm motility. As a control, sperm suspensions were diluted with 0.3% (v/v) olive oil.
Sperm were collected by density-gradient preparation and prepared as described previously.18 (link) Sperm suspensions were diluted with fresh G-mops (added 5% HSA, produced by Vitrolife, Sweden) to yield an approximate concentration of 1 × 10⁶ sperm l⁻¹. The samples were centrifuged, and motile sperm were resuspended in G-mops containing Aroclor 1254 at different concentrations. The sperm suspensions were incubated for 3 and 6 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂. Each experiment was performed in duplicate.

Jiang L.G., Cheng L.Y., Kong S.H., Yang Y., Shen Y.J., Chen C., Deng X.H., Liu S.Z, & Chao L. (2016). Toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) on human sperm motility. Asian Journal of Andrology, 19(5), 561-566.

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Oocyte Retrieval and Fertilization Techniques

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The oocyte retrievals were done by transvaginal aspiration under ultrasound guidance after 36 h from the hCG administration. The follicles were flushed by G-MOPS (Vitrolife) medium. After retrieval, oocytes were rapidly isolated from follicular fluid, and cultured in G-IVF medium (Vitrolife). Oocytes were inseminated 3–5 h later by classical IVF (mean concentration of 200 000 motile spermatozoa/mL) or by ICSI. Spermatozoa for IVF and ICSI were prepared with the swim-up technique and density gradient centrifugation method, respectively. For ICSI, cumulus cells needed to be removed by hyaluronidase (Vitrolife), and then the single motile spermatozoan with the best morphologic appearance was injected into each mature oocyte.

Wang Y., Wang S., Qian X., Kuai Y, & Xu Y. (2021). The Inclusion Principles of Human Embryos in the WOW-Based Time-Lapse System: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 549216.

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Quantifying Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Sperm

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Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were assessed on progressively motile spermatozoa as per Bakos et al. [41 (link)]. Briefly, motile sperm were incubated with 5 µM DCFDA (2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluoresce in diacetate; DCFDA; Sigma, Lenexa, USA) for 20 min at 37 °C, washed twice in GMOPS (Vitrolife, Goteberg, Sweden), and examined using a photometer attachment on a fluorescent microscope to derive a fluorescence reading for individually imaged sperm. A minimum of 20 motile sperm were measured per animal and expressed as relative fluorescent units.

McPherson N.O., Shehadeh H., Fullston T., Zander-Fox D.L, & Lane M. (2019). Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation for 12 Days in Obese Male Mice Restores Sperm Oxidative Stress. Nutrients, 11(9), 2196.

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Calcium Ionophore-Assisted Sperm Activation for ICSI

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AGT was carried out by exposing spermatozoa and post-ICSI oocytes to calcium ionophore (19657, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) as previously described [20 (link)]. Before ICSI injection, ejaculated spermatozoa processed by density gradient or centrifugation were briefly exposed to 50 μM calcium ionophore in G-MOPS™ media (Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden) enriched with human serum albumin (G-MM™, Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden). During the ICSI procedure, spermatozoa were aspirated individually from the media drop containing calcium ionophore and immobilized in a separate polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) drop. Then, a small portion of calcium ionophore was aspirated into the micropipette and injected into the oocyte with the spermatozoa. Next, post-ICSI oocytes were exposed to 50 μM calcium ionophore in G-1 medium (Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden) for 10 min at 37 °C, and then rinsed and placed in fresh G-1 medium [20 (link)].

Cheung S., Parrella A., Tavares D., Keating D., Xie P., Rosenwaks Z, & Palermo G.D. (2021). Single-center thorough evaluation and targeted treatment of globozoospermic men. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 38(8), 2073-2086.

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Sperm Tail Separation and Injection

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In an ICSI dish of 60 mm of diameter, several drops of G-MOPS plus containing one oocyte each (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) surrounded a central PVP drop (polyvinylpyrrolidone; Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) containing the sperm swim-up sample. The plate was overlaid with mineral oil (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan) to prevent the evaporation of the drops and then placed on the ICSI microscope stage (Olympus IX50, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Two different pipettes were needed to perform tails separation and injection into oocytes. A PZD (Partial Zona Dissection, Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) pipette was used for the sperm head-tail separation, and an ICSI micropipette (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) to perform the tail injection into the oocyte. Both pipettes were located in a double needle holder. The PZD pipette was placed at the interface between the sperm head and the midpiece. With an accurate blow, the separation of both parts was achieved. Immediately after the separation, the tails were collected. To confirm that the separated tails had the centrosome and not DNA, tails were aspirated with the ICSI micropipette and loaded onto a glass microscope slide (25 mm × 75 mm) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) to immunodetect centrosomes and DNA. In all the cases, only one tail was injected per oocyte. A certain number of oocytes were sham injected as controls.

Amargant F., Pujol A., Ferrer-Vaquer A., Durban M., Martínez M., Vassena R, & Vernos I. (2021). The human sperm basal body is a complex centrosome important for embryo preimplantation development. Molecular Human Reproduction, 27(11), gaab062.

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Vitrification and Rapid Warming of Tissue

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Preparation of vitrification and rapid warming solutions were performed according to Suzuki and colleagues with modifications described elsewhere^{7 (link), 8 (link)}. In brief, tissue was equilibrated in different solutions with varying concentrations of 10%, 20% and finally 35% ethylene glycol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in GMOPS+ (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) supplemented with 10% SSS (Serum substitute supplement, Fujifilm Irvine scientific, Santa Ana, USA) for 5 min each. The solution of 35% ethylene glycol was additionally supplemented with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidon [PVP] (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 0.5 mol/L sucrose (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Subsequently, surplus solution was removed with sterile cellulose material and the tissue was fast loaded on customized metal meshes prior to immediate vertical immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Samples were rapid warmed submerging cortex strips in warming solution with decreasing sucrose gradients supplemented with 10% SSS in GMOPS+. Tissue was submerged in 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 1 min at 37 °C and equilibrated in 0.4 mol/L sucrose for 3 min. Tissue was then washed in GMOPS+ supplemented with 10% SSS for 5 min twice.

Schallmoser A., Einenkel R., Färber C., Hüren V., Emrich N., John J, & Sänger N. (2023). Comparison of angiogenic potential in vitrified vs. slow frozen human ovarian tissue. Scientific Reports, 13, 12885.

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Single-Cell Bisulfite Sequencing of Oocyte and Embryo

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Oocytes were obtained voluntarily from patient D at the IVF centre of the Ghadir Mother and Child Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with signed informed consent of the patient and her husband and the approval of the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (ethics codes: IR.sums.rec.1395.S718 for oocyte retrieval and IR.sums.rec.1396.S779 for embryo production). Mature oocytes were obtained after ovarian stimulation using a standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. Oocytes were collected in G-IVF plus (Vitrolife) and cleaned in G-MOPS (Vitrolife) supplemented with 80 IU/ml hyaluronidase (HYASE-10X, Vitrolife). Out of nine oocytes, seven were collected for subsequent scBS-seq analysis. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed followed by 6 days embryo culture with the two remaining oocytes, resulting in one embryo, which was collected in < 5 μl RLT buffer for whole-embryo BS-seq analysis.

Demond H., Anvar Z., Jahromi B.N., Sparago A., Verma A., Davari M., Calzari L., Russo S., Jahromi M.A., Monk D., Andrews S., Riccio A, & Kelsey G. (2019). A KHDC3L mutation resulting in recurrent hydatidiform mole causes genome-wide DNA methylation loss in oocytes and persistent imprinting defects post-fertilisation. Genome Medicine, 11, 84.

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