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90 protocols using pbs tablet

1

Ochratoxin A Quantification Protocol

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The analytical standard of OTA was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents used for the preparation of the mobile phase were HPLC grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol and hexane used for extraction were of analytical grade supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. All homogenized mixtures and eluates were filtered through Whatman no. 4 and 0.45 mm membrane filters respectively (Whatman plc, Maidstone, UK). De-ionized water was obtained with a Millipore Elix Essential purification system (Bedford, MA, USA). OCHRA PREP immunoaffinity columns were supplied by R-Biopharm, Rhone limited, and used for SPE and cleanup. These columns have a concentration capacity of 100 ng/mL with at least 90% recovery. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was prepared by dissolving PBS tablets (Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water. Sodium chloride (≥ 99.0%) was sourced from Sigma-Aldrich. Six-point calibration was made using the pure Ochratoxin A standard at concentrations of 5 µg/kg, 10 µg/kg, 15 µg/kg, 20 µg/kg, 25 µg/kg and 30 µg/kg. Linearity was accepted at 0.99 or 99% for the regression curve (CEN official method EN1412333 ).
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2

Perfusion and Brain Tissue Preparation

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Twenty-four h after the last dose of FLX or vehicle, Mecp2 HET and WT mice, were anaesthetized with 75 mg/kg ketamine plus 1 mg/kg medetomidine and perfused through the heart using a peristaltic pump (Mityflex, ANKO, Bradenton, FL) with Ice-cold 0.01 M phosphate buffer-saline (PBS Tablets; Sigma, Cat. # 5564) at 10 mL/min for 3 min followed by 4% para-formaldehyde (PAF) solution in PBS for 5 min. The brain was removed and post-fixed in 4% PAF for 4 h, at 4 °C. Brains were then dipped in a 20% sucrose solution and stored at 4 °C overnight. Brains were removed from the sucrose solution, damped with Kleenex, frozen in n-pentane at − 45 °C for 3 min and stored at − 80 °C until sectioning.
Brain sections (25 μm) for IHC were cut with a cryostat (CM1850-UV, Leica Microsystems, Buccinasco, Italy) at − 17 °C and mounted on gelatin-coated slides. Consecutive brain slices containing the areas of interest were mounted onto glass slides for 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) staining.
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3

Polymer-Based Cell Culture Surface Preparation

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Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, KCl, HCl, NaOH, and PBS tablets were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). PBS tablets were dissolved in 200 mL deionized water. Chloroform (CHCl3), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and absolute ethanol (EtOH) were bought from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The polymers monocarboxy terminated poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAM-COOH), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and the adhesion promoter poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were purchased and characterized from Polymer Source, Inc. (Dorval, QC, Canada). Here, PGMA with molecular weight (MW) of 17.500 g/mol was chosen, whereas PAA had a MW of 26.500 g/mol and PNIPAAM of 47.600 g/mol. The positive photoresist AZ5214e was obtained by MicroChemicals GmbH, (Ulm, Germany). Cell culture reagents such as McCoy’s 5A, FBS, trypsin, L-glutamine, pen/strep, and sterile water were obtained from Biochrome AG (Berlin, Germany). Phosphate buffer solutions (0.1 M; Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4) with pH ranges from 5.7 to 8.0 were prepared.
Saos-2 cells were donated by Prof. Wiesmann, TU Dresden, IfWW.
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4

Nanoparticle Molecular Imprinted Polymers

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Peptide sequences employed in nanoMIP development
(Ontores Biotechnology, Zhejiang, China), monomers for nanoMIP synthesis
(Sigma, Gillingham, UK), sodium hydroxide (Sigma), ammonium persulfate
(Sigma), mercaptoundecanoic acid (Sigma), ethanolamine hydrochloride
(Sigma), bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma), Pluronic solution (Sigma),
4-ABA (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK), EDC (Fisher Scientific),
NHS (Fisher Scientific), ferricyanide (Sigma), ferrocyanide (Sigma),
potassium chloride (KCl, Sigma), hydrogen peroxide (30%, Sigma), ammonia
solution (25%, VWR International, Leicestershire, UK), PBS tablets
(Sigma), the alpha variant of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (The Native
Antigen Company, Kidlington, UK), the delta variant of the spike protein
(Abbexa, Cambridge, UK), HSA (Sigma), and IL-6 (Bio-Rad, Watford,
UK) were used as received. The SARS-CoV-2 RBD and ORF8 were provided
by the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation
Unit (Dundee, UK). PBS solutions were prepared with deionized (DI)
water, and AFM experiments were performed using Milli-Q water (both
with a resistivity of ≥18.2 MΩ cm).
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5

Curcumin-Loaded PS-PAA Nanoparticles

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Polystyrene
(PS, 35 kDa), poly(styrene)–blockpoly(acrylic acid) (PS-PAA) (Mw = 83
500, Mw of
PS block = 70 500, Mw of PAA block = 13
000, and PDI ≤1.1), curcumin (Cur, curcuminoid content ≥
94%, Cur content ≥ 80%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)—low glucose, MTT suitable
for cell culture (≥97.5% HPLC), and PBS (tablets) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw 14 000, 98.5–100% degree of hydrolysis)
was obtained from BDH Chemicals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥
99%) was purchased from BioSchop. Millipore-quality water was used
in all experiments.
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6

Flow Cytometry Aptamer Labeling Protocol

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All cells used in the FACS analysis were washed with PBS. Fluorescently labelled (Cy3) aptamers in PBS were placed at 95 °C for 5 min and were subsequently cooled on the bench slowly. Cy3 fluorescently labelled aptamers (2 µM) were incubated with 500,000 cells in 200 µL of PBS at 4 °C for 1 h. After incubation, the cells were washed by centrifugation for 5 min at 1000 rpm with PBS (400 µL × 3) and resuspended in PBS (400 µL), aiming for a total cell count of either 5000 or 10,000 cells, for analysis on the flow cytometer. The analysis was performed on a FACS Calibur, Becton Dickinson flow cytometer (BD, San Jose, CA, USA) with a maximum sort rate of 10,000 total cells/second. Purchases of 5’ Cy3 labelled 25 oligonucleotides were from Integrated DNA Technologies (Budapest, Hungary). PBS tablets were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Dorset, UK).
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7

Cell Viability Assay with Calcein

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NR, calcein, ethanol 97% (v/v) and PBS tablets (pH 7.2) were all purchased from Sigma, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium was purchased from Thermofisher.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-PEG Conjugates

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Ethanol absolute, n-hexane (95%), Silver nitrate (99%), l-Cysteine (96%), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) (ACS reagent grade), CHCl3 (99.6%), HS-PEG-COOH (2100 g mol−1), and PBS tablets were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany) and used as received.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic Bone Cements

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Triton X-100, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), sodium alginate, gentamicin sulphate, sodium acetate trihydrate, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) tablets, o-phthaldialdehyde reagent solution (OPA), piperazine, and 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, UK. Cyclohexane, n-hexanol, ammonium hydroxide (35%), diethyl-ether, di-chloro methane (DCM), ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, and iso-propanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK. All reagents were stored according to manufacturer’s guidelines and used as received. The bone cements brands used were Cemex (Tecres S.p.A., Italy) and Palacos R (Heraeus Medical GmbH, Germany).
Acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5) was prepared mixing sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) (0.1 M) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) (0.1 M) solutions 3:7 and stirred, with pH checked and adjusted in the range 5.0 ± 0.1. PBS solution (pH 7.4) was prepared according to manufacturer’s guidelines.
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10

Evaluating Material Degradation in PBS

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PBS solution was prepared from PBS tablets (Sigma-Aldrich, St.Louis, MO, USA) to obtain a 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, and 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4 at 25 °C). Samples were immersed into PBS solution for 1, 5, and 10 days, and the sample was then washed with deionized water, dried, and weighted. Control was performed by using XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and DLS analysis (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK).
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