For the accelerometer method, all the test data was collected by an ActiGraph GT9X-Link (Actigraph Corporation, Pensacola, FL, USA), a tri-axial accelerometer (size: 3.5 × 3.5 × 1 cm, weight: ~14 g). The initialization of the ActiGraph accelerometer and chest mount Polar H10 HR monitor (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) was done by ActiLife6 software (version 6.12.1, ActiGraph, Cary, NC, USA). In this study, the sampling frequency of the accelerometer and heart rate monitor was set to 30 Hz, and the physical activity parameters (i.e., calories, and VM), and HR data were collected in 10-second intervals set manually via ActiLife6 software. The ActiGraph accelerometer was attached to their right ankle, and the participants took one test at a time.
Vmax encore 29 system
The Vmax Encore 29 System is a laboratory equipment designed for spectrophotometric analysis. It provides accurate and reliable absorbance measurements across a wide range of wavelengths, enabling researchers and scientists to conduct various analytical procedures in their respective fields.
10 protocols using vmax encore 29 system
Comprehensive Metabolic and Physical Activity Monitoring
For the accelerometer method, all the test data was collected by an ActiGraph GT9X-Link (Actigraph Corporation, Pensacola, FL, USA), a tri-axial accelerometer (size: 3.5 × 3.5 × 1 cm, weight: ~14 g). The initialization of the ActiGraph accelerometer and chest mount Polar H10 HR monitor (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) was done by ActiLife6 software (version 6.12.1, ActiGraph, Cary, NC, USA). In this study, the sampling frequency of the accelerometer and heart rate monitor was set to 30 Hz, and the physical activity parameters (i.e., calories, and VM), and HR data were collected in 10-second intervals set manually via ActiLife6 software. The ActiGraph accelerometer was attached to their right ankle, and the participants took one test at a time.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Protocol
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Protocol
Maximal Incremental Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Protocol
29 System; VIASYS Healthcare Inc., Palm Springs, California, USA) performed on a
cycle ergometer (Ergometer 800S; SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, California, USA),
using a ramp protocol with workload increments of 5 or 10 Watts per minute.
Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2)
were measured by means of gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis and expressed
as 30-s averages. The patients were initially monitored for 2 minutes at rest
when seated on the ergometer; then they were instructed to pedal at a pace of
60-70 rpm and the completion of the test occurred when, in spite of verbal
encouragement, the patient reached maximal volitional fatigue. A respiratory
exchange ratio (RER) higher than 1.10 was reached for all patients. Heart rate
(HR) was monitored continuously at rest, during the test and recovery phase,
using a 12-lead digital electrocardiogram (CardioSoft 6.51 ECG/CAM-14, GE
Medical Systems Information Technologies, Wisconsin, USA).17 (link)After achieving peak workload, the patients continued to pedal at 10 watts for 2
minutes, followed by 4 minutes seated on the ergometer, this 6-min period was
considered the recovery phase. Delta (∆) HRR was calculated by subtracting the
HR values at 1st (∆HRR1) and 2nd (∆HRR2) minutes of the
recovery phase from the peak HR.12 (link)
Resting Metabolic Rate Measurement Protocol
Equations:
Metabolic Measurements of Substrate Oxidation
Rproox was set at 20% since participants were fed with a mixed meal (Labayen et al., 1999 (link)). Energy expenditure was calculated using the following energy conversion factors: CHO 16.3 KJ/g, lipids 40.8 KJ/g, and proteins 19.7 KJ/g (Péronnet and Massicotte, 1991 (link)).
Resting Metabolic Rate Assessment in Athletes
The Vmax Encore 29 System metabolic cart (VIASYS Healthcare Inc., Yorba Linda, CA), equipped with a plastic canopy, was used for the IC assessment. The equipment was calibrated for gas analysers (using standard concentration gas bottles) and flow (using a 3 L syringe) before each measurement, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Measuring Maximal Oxygen Uptake Using Graded Exercise Test
Body Composition and Energy Expenditure Measurement
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