Pemafibrate

The embryonic rat cardiomyocyte-derived cell line H9c2 was obtained from the Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and cultured in high-glucose DMEM (cat. no. 11965092; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin at 37˚C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂. The cells (1x10⁶ cells/well) were seeded into 6-well plates. Prior to the experiments, the cells were starved in 1% FBS-supplemented low glucose DMEM (cat. no. 11885076; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for 24 h and divided into the following groups: i) Low glucose (control; final concentration, 5.5 mmol/l); ii) high glucose (HG; final concentration, 33 mmol/l); iii) HG + hypoxia/reoxygenation (HG + H/R); and iv) HG + H/R + 50 nmol/l pemafibrate (MedChemExpress). Briefly, when the cells reached 60% confluence, they were pre-treated with control or HG media for 48 h. Subsequently, the H/R model was induced by culturing the cells for 6 h in hypoxic conditions (95% N₂ and 5% CO₂) with 1% FBS-DMEM, followed by 4 h of reoxygenation in normal culture conditions. pemafibrate was dissolved in DMSO (203.85 mmol/l) before being added to media.