96 well flat bottomed white polystyrene plates

The human glioma cells line viz, LN-18, U87MG, SNB-19, and U-251 were procured from ATCC and cultured in ATCC-recommended complete media. Whereas human neural glial cell-line (HNGC-2) and primary culture derived from GBM tumors (G1) were generated at National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune. Experimental methods on established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells CNXF-2599L were conducted at Charles River, Germany. The cells were maintained in a humidified chamber at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. All the compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 10 mM and diluted in a culture medium immediately before use. Pyronaridine tetraphosphate (#VIA-404019) was procured from Chemical Centre (Mumbai, India) while Doxorubicin and Ritonavir were available in-house. Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline without calcium and magnesium (#14025092), cell culture media, and FBS (#26140079) were purchased from Gibco (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA, USA). Lookout mycoplasma PCR kit (#MP0035) and PMS (#P9625) were from Sigma while 96-well flat-bottomed white polystyrene plates were from Corning (#3912) and MTS reagent from Promega (Madison, WI, USA, #G111).

The renal cell lines viz, 786-O, A-498, Caki-1 and SN12C were procured from ATCC and cultured in ATCC recommended complete media. ACHN (ECACC 88100508) cells were procured from European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, UK. Experimental methods on established patient derived xenograft (PDX) cells, RXF-1183L, RXF-1220L, RXF-1781L, RXF-393L and RXF-486L were conducted at Charles River, Germany. Atg++ (Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells) were procured from University of Kentucky and were cultured in DMEM media. The cells were maintained in a humidified chamber at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. All the compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, #TC185, HiMedia) at a concentration of 10 mM and diluted in culture medium immediately before use. Ketorolac (#VIA-801223), Sunitinib malate (#SU0011214) and Sorafenib tosylate (#1615876) were procured from Chemical Centre (Mumbai, India). Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) without calcium and magnesium (#14025092), DMEM (#10566016), IMDM (#21980) and FBS (#26140079) were purchased from Gibco. Lookout mycoplasma PCR kit (#MP0035) and PMS (#P9625) were from Sigma while 96-well flat-bottomed white polystyrene plates were from Corning (#3912) and MTS reagent from Promega (#G111).