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5 protocols using ccl22 mdc

1

Immature DC Activation by BCG and rBCG-hIL-18

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Immature DCs at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mL were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2 with live BCG or rBCG-hIL-18 at a multiplicity of infection of 1, according our previously established protocol [18 (link)]. Der p 1, kindly provided by G.A. Stewart (University of Western Australia) and Joël Pestel (Institut Pasteur de Lille), was used at 1 μg/mL [18 (link),19 (link)]. This concentration had previously been determined as being optimal for the induction of Th-2 cytokines in allergic patients [17 (link)]. As positive maturation controls, DCs were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS (Escherichia coli LPS O55:B5, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical), while DCs in medium alone represented the negative controls. Supernatants of the cultures were tested by ELISA (Eli-pair Diaclone test) for the presence of IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-23 (detection sensitivity: 5 pg/mL for IL-10 and IL-12p70; 20 pg/mL for IL-23), IP-10 (CXCL10) (R&D systems; detection sensitivity: 5 pg/mL), TARC (CCL17) and MDC (CCL22) (R&D systems; detection sensitivity: 10 pg/mL).
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2

Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Modulation

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Arctigenin, hederagenin, and baicalein were purchased from Chemfaces (Hubei, China). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), corticotropin-releasing hormone CRH, substance P (SP), 1-thioglycerol, U0126, SB202190, and SP600125 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). High-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was obtained from Welgene Inc. (Gyeongsangbuk, Korea). Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) was purchased from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics were obtained from Invitrogen Inc. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human IL-6, ICAM-1, VEGF, and mouse IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, VEGF, and IgE ELISA kits were purchased from Koma Biotech Inc. (Seoul). Human TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and mouse IL-4 ELISA kits were obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Antibodies for phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). HRP-conjugated anti-β-actin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Cytokine Profiling in Cell Supernatants

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Culture supernatants from cells were collected at the indicated times. Samples were centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatants were separated and stored at −20°C until analysis. These cell culture and BAL supernatants were then probed for the presence of the following cytokine using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions: EDN1 (R&D Systems), CCL2/MCP-1 (BioLegend), CCL17/TARC (R&D Systems) and CCL22/MDC (R&D Systems). Plates were read using the BIO-TEK Synergy HT Multi-Detection Microplate Readermicroplate reader.
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4

Quantification of CCL17 and CCL22 Levels

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CCL17 and CCL22 levels in cell culture supernatants and sera were quantified using the ELISA kits, Quantikine Human CCL17/TARC, and CCL22/MDC (R&D Systems), respectively. Cell lines (2.5 × 105/mL) were cultured in 96-well round-bottomed plates, and supernatants were collected after 24, 48, and 72 h. All sera were taken at diagnosis and were frozen at −80 °C. The capture antibody was coated onto the bottom of supplied 96-well ELISA plates and was incubated overnight at 4 °C. Cell culture supernatants (100 µL) or sera (50 µL) were added to each well. The plates were washed after 2 h of incubation at room temperature, and biotinylated anti-chemokine antibody (detection antibody) was added to each well. After 2 h, the plates were washed again and streptavidin-labeled horseradish peroxidase (1:200) was added for 20 min. A substrate solution was added after washing and incubated for 20 min in the dark, and the reaction was stopped by adding 2 N H2SO4. The absorbance of each well was determined at 450 nm using a microplate reader. For cell culture supernatants, measurements were done in triplicate. The results correspond to means ± SD.
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5

Cytokine Profiling in Cell Supernatants

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Culture supernatants from cells were collected at the indicated times. Samples were centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatants were separated and stored at −20°C until analysis. These cell culture and BAL supernatants were then probed for the presence of the following cytokine using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions: EDN1 (R&D Systems), CCL2/MCP-1 (BioLegend), CCL17/TARC (R&D Systems) and CCL22/MDC (R&D Systems). Plates were read using the BIO-TEK Synergy HT Multi-Detection Microplate Readermicroplate reader.
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