A total of 40 caries-free human third molars were used in present study. All teeth were collected after obtaining donors’ informed consents, the protocol utilized in the present study was reviewed and approved [2011(067)] by the Ethics Committee for Human Studies of the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China. The methods employed were performed in accordance with the approved guidelines and regulations. The teeth were stored in 1% chloramine at 4 °C within one month before use. The teeth were sectioned parallel to the occlusal crown with a low-speed water-cooled diamond saw (Isomet; Buehler, Evanston, IL, USA). The exposed dentin surface was wet-ground with 600-grit SiC paper for 60 s to produce a standardized smear layer. The dentin surface of each specimen was etched with 35% phosphoric-acid gel (3 M ESPE, St.Paul, MN, USA) for 15 s and rinsed with deionized water thoroughly. Then, one of four experimental adhesives (control, Q100, Q500 or Q1000) was applied on the blotted water-moist dentin surface, followed by gently agitated for 10 s and air stream for another 10 s. The adhesive was light-cured for 20 s, and 4 mm-thickness of resin composite (Charisma, Haraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) were built up at 1 mm intervals with 20 s light curing each. There are 10 bonded tooth in each group.
Phosphoric acid gel
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in United States
35% phosphoric acid gel is a laboratory reagent used for various analytical and research applications. It is a clear, viscous liquid with a phosphoric acid concentration of 35% by weight. The core function of this product is to provide a concentrated source of phosphoric acid for use in chemical experiments, analysis, and other laboratory procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using phosphoric acid gel
1
Bonding Effectiveness of Experimental Adhesives
2
Bovine Incisor Surface Treatments
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sound bovine incisors were extracted, cleaned, pumiced, and stored in 1% aqueous solution of chloramine-T (Junsei Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) at 4 °C. After careful preparation to a uniform size (7.5 mm diameter and 2.6 mm thickness), the bovine incisor specimens were randomly divided into three groups according to surface treatment: no surface treatment control (BI), acid-etched surface (ET), and primed surface (PR). The ET specimens were etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel (3 M, Monrovia, CA, USA) for 20 s, rinsed, and air-dried. In the PR group, Transbond XT primer (3 M) was applied to the etched surface and light-cured for 30 s using OrthoLuxLED (3 M) after acid etching. For the adhesive specimen group (AD), Transbond XT adhesive (3 M) specimens were prepared to the same size as the bovine incisor specimens using a Teflon template. The template was placed on top of a glass slide and filled with Transbond XT adhesive to flush with the top of the plate. The next slide was placed on top of the adhesive and pressed to produce a flat surface of adhesive. They were then light-cured for 20 s each from the top and bottom according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 76 disk-shaped specimens (19 specimens per group) was used in this study: 72 (18 per group) for surface analyses and biofilm formation and 4 (one per group) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
3
Dentin Surface Wettability Evaluation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The wettability of the dentin surface was assessed by measuring the water contact angle. Twenty (20) teeth were divided into two groups (n = 10). The occlusal enamel was removed with #180 silicon carbide paper, followed by #320 and #600 grits under water to simulate a smear-layer covered dentin surface. The wettability was assessed on the dentin surfaces after acid etching with 35% phosphoric acid gel (3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA) (control) or acid etching + PG removal (Try-treated) under different conditions: wet (dentin kept visually moist as for the wet-bond adhesive technique) and dry (air-dried for 3 min) and re-wet (air-dried for 3 min and re-wetted for 1 min). One drop of water (2 μL) was placed on the dentin surface and the contact angle (θ) was assessed using a standard contact angle goniometer model 200-F4 (Ramé-hart instrument co., Succasunna, NJ, USA). The distance between the tip and the dentin surface was kept constant and all tests were performed under controlled temperature (23 ± 1 °C) and humidity (greater than 30%) [23] . Images were acquired within 10 s and the water contact angle was calculated using the software DropImage (Ramé-hart instrument co.). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).
4
Dental Adhesive Bonding Procedure
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
TF3 was purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Ethanol, 25% GA, and phosphate buffer saline were bought from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). 85% phosphoric acid was bought from Shanghai Acmec Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetic acid was bought from CHRON (Chengdu, China). Ammonium bicarbonate was bought from Macklin (Shanghai, China). 35% Phosphoric-acid gel, Adaper TM Single bond 2 Adhesive, and Resin composite Filtek TM Z250 were bought from 3 M (St. Paul, United States). Figure 1 illustrates the workflow of the experimental process.
5
Adhesive Bonding and Collagenase Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Singlebond universal adhesive and 35% phosphoric acid gel were purchased from 3M ESPE (St. Paul, MN, United States). Charism resin composite was supplied by Heraeus Kulzer (Hanau, Germany). Ethanol and acetone were provided by Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology (Shanghai, China). Kits of gelatinase/collagenase assay (E12055) was supplied by Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, United States). The chemicals and reagents were utilized in their as-received condition. Figure 1 displays the chemical structure of acetone.
6
Bracket Bonding Technique for Orthodontic Treatment
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
All the instruments used in this study were brand-new. Before bonding, the buccal surfaces of the teeth were cleansed with fluoride-free pumice and water andthen dried for 10s by air spray.5 (link)The buccal surfaces of the samples were etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) for 15s,rinsed with water spray for 10s and dried with air spray until chalky appearance of enamel was observed. After application of a thin layer of Transbond XT Primer-Adhesive (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) on the enamel,5 (link),13 Transbond XT (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) light-cured adhesive was applied on the bracket base and placed mesio-distally and occluso-gingivally at the center of the buccal surface on the long axis of the crown firmly by one orthodontist until a tight contact was achieved.8 (link),14 The adhesive was light-cured with the use of a light-curing unit for 10s on the mesial aspect and for 10s on the distal aspect of the bracket.13
+ Expand
All the instruments used in this study were brand-new. Before bonding, the buccal surfaces of the teeth were cleansed with fluoride-free pumice and water andthen dried for 10s by air spray.5 (link)The buccal surfaces of the samples were etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) for 15s,rinsed with water spray for 10s and dried with air spray until chalky appearance of enamel was observed. After application of a thin layer of Transbond XT Primer-Adhesive (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) on the enamel,5 (link),13 Transbond XT (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) light-cured adhesive was applied on the bracket base and placed mesio-distally and occluso-gingivally at the center of the buccal surface on the long axis of the crown firmly by one orthodontist until a tight contact was achieved.8 (link),14 The adhesive was light-cured with the use of a light-curing unit for 10s on the mesial aspect and for 10s on the distal aspect of the bracket.13
7
Primary Molar Amputation and Sealing
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The primary molars were amputated 3 mm apical to the furcation area using a diamond disc (SS White, Inc., Lakewood, NJ, USA). Standard coronal access was achieved in every molar with BR-46 DIA-BURS® (Mani, Japan) and EX-24 DIA-BURS® (Mani, Japan) at high speed, under cooling with distilled water. Root canal orifices were located with an endodontic explorer (API, Germany).[11 (link)] Acid etching was done at the canal orifices and the apical end of each root with 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 30 s. Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive system (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied in two consecutive coats and photopolymerized for 10 s with Elipar™ S10 curing light (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA). The canal orifices and the apical end of each root were sealed with flowable composite (3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT, USA) and cured for 40 s with an S10 curing light. Two successive layers of clear nail varnish was applied to every molar including the cavity walls and pulpal floor to increase the marginal seal.[12 (link)13 (link)]
8
Bracket Bonding with Different Curing Methods
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Specimens were prepared for bracket bonding according to the following procedures: 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) was used to etch the teeth for 30 sec. The teeth were then rinsed with water from a 3-way syringe for 30 sec and dried with an oil-free air source for 20 sec. Subsequently, the liquid primer Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was applied to the etched surface. MBT premolar stainless-steel brackets (Victory series 3M Unitek) were bonded to teeth with Transbond XT light cure adhesive paste. Excess resin was removed with an explorer before it was polymerized and cured with the following varying procedures:
Group 1: 15 teeth were cured by conventional method of bonding by curing labially for 40 sec
Group 2: 15 teeth were cured for 50 sec by transillumination
Group 3: 15 teeth were cured labially for 20 sec followed by 30 sec of transillumination
Group 4: 15 teeth were first cured by transillumination for 30 sec followed by labial curing for 20 sec.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!