Cortical beta-amyloid deposits were measured using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with the tracer 11-C Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) (Klunk et al., 2004 (link)). Participants were intravenously administered a dose of approximately 350 MBq of the tracer and amyloid deposition was estimated based on late frame signals representing 50–70 min post-injection. Measures of cerebral beta-amyloid load per subject was derived from the ratio of standardized uptake values (SUV) of cortical PiB-VOIs, referenced to cerebellar gray matter SUV after co-registration using the PMOD brain tool (PNEURO) software, Version 3.4 (PMOD Technologies Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland) as described in our previous studies (Schreiner et al., 2016 (link); Steininger et al., 2014 (link)). Standardized PiB-SUV were used to calculate cortical to cerebellar PiB retention ratio units (“cortical-PiB”) (Jack et al., 2009 (link)), and to determine “amyloid-positive” status using an earlier defined threshold of ours (Gietl et al., 2015 (link)).
Pmod brain tool pneuro software version 3
Manufactured by PMOD Technologies
Sourced in Switzerland
PMOD brain tool (PNEURO) software, Version 3.4, is a software package designed for the analysis of brain imaging data. The core function of the software is to provide a comprehensive set of tools for the processing, analysis, and visualization of neuroimaging data, particularly focused on PET and MRI studies.
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2 protocols using pmod brain tool pneuro software version 3
1
Quantifying Cerebral Amyloid Deposition via PiB-PET
2
Cortical Amyloid Imaging with PiB-PET
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For the current study, PET scans were performed at the PET Center of the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Zürich University Hospital (GE Discovery RX STE PET/CT scanner). An individual dose equaling 350 MBq of (11)carbon-labeled PiB was applied using intravenous access to the cubital vein. PET acquisition was dynamic over 70 min, cerebral amyloid deposition was estimated based on late frame signals representing 50–70 min. The emission was corrected for attenuation (CT-based), scatter, randoms, and dead time, and reconstructed using a three dimensional (3D) Fourier re-binning (FORE) filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm, resulting in a 128 × 128 × 47 matrix with 2.34 mm × 2.34 mm × 3.27 mm voxel spacing. As a single measure of individual cortical Aβ load, cortical PiB retention scores (cortical PiB) were calculated as reported earlier (Jack et al., 2008 (link); Vandenberghe et al., 2010 (link); Villemagne et al., 2011 (link)). In brief, a composite score was calculated using merged cortical PiB-PET intensity values which were referenced to cerebellar intensity after co-registration applying PMOD brain tool (PNEURO) software, Version 3.4 (PMOD Technologies Ltd., Zürich, Switzerland) and transformed to standardized Z-scores.
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