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3 protocols using l 2 hg

1

Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Generation

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Immature dendritic cells were generated from human blood monocytes. Monocytes were cultured in culture flasks at a concentration of 1 × 106 cells/1.5 mL in RPMI 1640 for five days with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 225 U/mL granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF, Peprotech) and 144 U/mL recombinant IL-4 (Peprotech). LPS (Enzo, Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA) and D-2-HG or L-2-HG (both Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louise, MO, USA) were added to iDC on day five in the culture flasks. For MLR, different amounts of monocyte-derived DC were harvested on day seven. DCs were washed and cocultured with allogeneic human T lymphocytes in RPMI containing 5% AB serum, L-glutamine (2 mmol/L), penicillin (50 U/mL), and streptomycin (50 mg/mL). On day five of coculture, 0.5 µCi/0.2 mL [3H]-thymidine (Hartmann Analytic, Braunschweig, Germany) was added, and incorporated radioactivity was quantified after 24 h by means of a beta counter (Perkin Elmer, Gaithersburg, Waltham, MA, USA). All samples were analyzed in triplicate.
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2

Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines

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Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines MHCC‐97H, HCC‐LM3, MHCC‐97 L, HepG2, Huh‐7, PLC, SMMC‐7721, Bel‐7402, and Hep3B were obtained from the cell bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling of HCC cells was verified at GenePharma (Shanghai, China). All cell lines were maintained under standard conditions in high glucose DMEM (Thermo Fisher) with 10% FBS. MG132 (SML1135), CoCl2 (232696), DM‐2OG (D3695), D‐2‐HG (H8378), and L‐2‐HG (90790) were obtained from Sigma.
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3

Lifespan Assays for C. elegans

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Lifespan experiments were performed as described (Chin et al., 2014 (link)). Lifespan assays were conducted at 20 °C on solid nematode growth media (NGM). L4 or young adult animals were picked onto NGM assay plates containing D-2-HG (Sigma, H8378), L-2-HG (Sigma, 90790), α-KG (Sigma, K1128), or vehicle control (H2O). Assay plates were seeded with OP50. For RNAi experiments, NGM assay plates also contained 1 mM isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and 50 μg/mL ampicillin, and were seeded with the appropriate RNAi feeding clone (Thermo Scientific/OpenBiosystems). The C. elegans TOR (let-363) RNAi clone was obtained from Joseph Avruch (MGH/Harvard). To assess the survival of the worms, the animals were prodded with a platinum wire every 2–3 days, and those that failed to respond were scored as dead. Worms that ruptured, bagged, or crawled off the plates were censored. Lifespan data were analysed using GraphPad Prism; P values were calculated using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test unless stated otherwise.
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