Voiding behavior was recorded using metabolic cages after administration of ketamine. As previously studies described, injected rats were placed in individual R-2100 metabolic cages (Lab Products, Rockville, MD, USA). The previous conditions were maintained for a 24-h familiarization period. After this, a known volume of water was measured and placed in the animals’ drinking bottles. The 24-h micturition frequency and the volume of urine output were determined using a cup especially fitted to the MLT0380 transducer (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) and recorded by a transducer (MLT 0380, ADI Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). The volume of water intake and urine output were also analyzed [8 (link),60 (link)].
Mlt0380
Manufactured by ADInstruments
Sourced in Australia, United States
The MLT0380 is a Muscle Transducer designed to measure the force generated by small muscle tissue samples. It features a force range of 0-2000 mN and a frequency response of DC to 1 kHz. The transducer is constructed with a compact and lightweight design for use in physiological research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bridge amp, by ADInstruments (3 mentions)
Ml110, by ADInstruments (3 mentions)
Ml221, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Powerlab 4 25, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
T206 flowmeter, by Transonic Systems (2 mentions)
Pentobarbital sodium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Labchart 7 pro, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Ml845, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Model 683, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions)
Powerlab 400, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Evans blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chartpro, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Xylazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Powerlab 8 30, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Chart pro software, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Ts410, by Transonic Systems (1 mentions)
Male sprague dawley rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
24 protocols using mlt0380
1
Ketamine-Induced Voiding Behavior Analysis
2
Hemodynamic Monitoring in Freely Moving Rats
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Animals were anesthetized with halothane (2% in O2) and a catheter (PE-10 connected to PE-50 tubing, CPL Medicals, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) was inserted into the abdominal aorta through the right femoral artery for arterial pressure measurement. The right femoral vein was catheterized for drug administration [phenylephrine and potassium cyanide(KCN)] and hypertonic NaCl infusion. Catheters were tunneled subcutaneously and exteriorized between the scapulas to record arterial pressure and HR non-anesthetized freely moving rat. For this, the arterial catheter was connected to a pressure transducer (MLT 0380, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, United States) attached to an amplifier (Bridge Amplifier ETH-200, CB Sciences, Dover, NH, United States). The PAP signals were acquired by a data acquisition system (PowerLab System 8/25, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, United States) and recorded in a computer using appropriate software (Chart Pro v.7.3.1., ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, United States), at a sampling frequency of 2 kHz. The MAP and HR were calculated from PAP signals.
3
Monitoring Cardiovascular Parameters in Anesthetized Animals
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The pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP) of anesthetized animals was continuously recorded through the arterial cannula that was connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia) with an amplifier (Bridge Amp, ML221, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a frequency of 1000 samples per second using an analogue to digital converter (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). MAP was calculated from the integral of PAP's signal (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). HR was calculated as instantaneous frequency from the PAP's signal (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia).
The miniatures probes were connected to T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA), in order to record the RBF and ABF. The signals obtained were recorded by the acquisition and data analysis MP150 system (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a sampling frequency of 200 samples per second. Changes in RBF and ABF were calculated as the percentage relative ratio to baseline (%RBF and %ABF).
The RVC and AVC were obtained by the ratio of RBF/MAP and ABF/MAP, respectively. The variations of RVC and AVC were expressed as percentage change in baseline value (%RVC and %AVC, resp.).
The miniatures probes were connected to T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA), in order to record the RBF and ABF. The signals obtained were recorded by the acquisition and data analysis MP150 system (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a sampling frequency of 200 samples per second. Changes in RBF and ABF were calculated as the percentage relative ratio to baseline (%RBF and %ABF).
The RVC and AVC were obtained by the ratio of RBF/MAP and ABF/MAP, respectively. The variations of RVC and AVC were expressed as percentage change in baseline value (%RVC and %AVC, resp.).
4
Anesthesia and Invasive Procedure in Rats
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Rat was anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of urethane (800 mg/kg) and α-chloralose (40 mg/kg). The rat was kept supine, and the trachea and carotid artery were exposed via a vertical incision in the middle of the neck. Positive pressure ventilation was carried out with room air via endotracheal intubation using a small animal ventilator (Model 683, Harvard Apparatus Inc., Holliston, MA, USA). A PE50 catheter was intubated into right common carotid artery and connected with a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia) for blood pressure recording. A left flank incision was made to expose the left kidney and renal nerves for preparing recording of RSNA. The sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were simultaneously recorded with a data acquisition system (8SP, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia). The rat was allowed to stabilize for more than 30 min before experimental intervention. Finally, the animal was euthanized by rapid intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at the dose of 100 mg/kg.
5
Arterial Pressure Monitoring in Conscious Rats
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Forty-eight hours after the echocardiographic examination, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (80 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively). A polyethylene catheter (PE-50 soldered to PE-10; Intramedic, Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ, United States) was implanted into the left femoral artery to record the hemodynamic parameters, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously, exteriorized at the nape, and filled with a heparinized saline solution (500 IU/ml) to prevent blood clotting.
Arterial pressure (AP) pressure was recorded in conscious rats kept in a quiet environment, using a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia), and the amplified signal (ML110, ADInstruments) was fed to a computer acquisition system (LabChart 7 Pro, ADInstruments). MAP and heart rate (HR) were calculated from arterial pulse pressure.
Arterial pressure (AP) pressure was recorded in conscious rats kept in a quiet environment, using a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia), and the amplified signal (ML110, ADInstruments) was fed to a computer acquisition system (LabChart 7 Pro, ADInstruments). MAP and heart rate (HR) were calculated from arterial pulse pressure.
6
Cardiovascular Function Assessment in Rats
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Two weeks after control or salusin-β-shRNA application, rats were intraperitoneally anesthetized with urethane (800 mg/kg) and α-chloralose (40 mg/kg) after weighing. First, the right carotid artery was cannulated and connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Australia) to record continuous arterial blood pressure. The systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were then calculated. Next, the catheter was pushed into the left ventricle from the right carotid artery to record LV pressure. The LV peak systolic pressure (LVSP), LVEDP, LV developed pressure (LVDP), and LV +dP/dtmax were calculated.
7
Tail-Cuff Blood Pressure Measurement
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Blood pressure was determined by a tail-cuff occlusion and acute experiment method. The tail artery systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in conscious rats with a noninvasive computerized tail-cuff system (NIBP, ADInstruments, Australia)13 (link)33 (link).To minimize stress-induced SBP fluctuations, the rats were trained by measuring SBP daily for at least 7 days. To achieve the steady pulse, unanesthetized rats were warmed to an ambient temperature of 32 °C by placing rats in a holding device mounted on a thermostatically controlled warming plate. The SBP values were averaged from ten consecutive cycles per day obtained from each rat.
At the end of the 2th week, rats were anesthetized with a ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) mixture (ip). The femoral artery was cannulated with polyethylene catheters prior filled with 0.1 ml heparinized saline (50 units/ml) and connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Australia) for continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recording. MAP and HR data were collected for 30 min and averaged.
At the end of the 2th week, rats were anesthetized with a ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) mixture (ip). The femoral artery was cannulated with polyethylene catheters prior filled with 0.1 ml heparinized saline (50 units/ml) and connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Australia) for continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recording. MAP and HR data were collected for 30 min and averaged.
8
Measurement of Rat Blood Pressure
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Blood pressure was determined by a tail-cuff occlusion and acute experiment method. as described previously21 (link). To achieve the steady pulse, rats were allowed to habituate to this procedure for 3 days prior to each experiment. Unanesthetized rats were warmed to an ambient temperature of 38 °C by placing rats in a holding device mounted on a thermostatically controlled warming plate. Blood pressure values were averaged fromsix consecutive cycles per week obtained from each rat.
At the end of the15 week, rats were anesthetized with a ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) mixture intra-peritoneally (ip). The femoral artery was cannulated with polyethylene catheters prior filled with 0.1 ml heparinized saline (50 units/ml) and connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Australia) for continuous MAP recording. MAP data was collected for 30 min and averaged.
At the end of the15 week, rats were anesthetized with a ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) mixture intra-peritoneally (ip). The femoral artery was cannulated with polyethylene catheters prior filled with 0.1 ml heparinized saline (50 units/ml) and connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Australia) for continuous MAP recording. MAP data was collected for 30 min and averaged.
9
Langendorff Perfused Rat Heart Analysis
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Animals received 5 IU/g of heparin by intraperitoneal injection and were euthanized. Hearts were removed by extended sternotomy and cannulated through the ascending aorta. The mechanical function was preserved using retrograde perfusion (at 10 ml/min with a peristaltic pump) with Krebs–Henseleit solution (NaCl 118 mM, KCl 4.7 mM, NaHCO3 25 mM, KH2PO4 1.2 mM, MgSO4 1.2 mM, glucose 11 mM, and CaCl2 1.25 mM) in a modified Langendorff system. This physiological saline solution was maintained at 37 °C and bubbled with carbogenic gas mixture (95% O2, 5% CO2) for oxygenation and maintenance of pH at 7.4. A small latex balloon attached to a pressure transducer (MLT0380; ADInstruments) was inserted into the left ventricle. The balloon volume was increased until 0 mmHg of initial diastolic pressure was obtained and then 20 μL of solution was added every 2 min. The systolic and diastolic pressure records were digitized through an analog–digital interface (PowerLab 400; ADInstruments) for offline analysis with Chart 4.0 software (ADInstruments). Pressure versus volume curves were obtained at varying loads in systole and diastole, and data were analyzed by calculating the integral of the curves using MATLAB software version 7.0.
10
Rodent Model of Cardiovascular Monitoring
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