Pvm 2701

The verification equipment is capable of verifying a transmission-type pulse oximeter. Therefore, we decided to verify the accuracy by employing a pulse oximeter whose accuracy was verified by the verification device.
We evaluated the accuracy of the pulse oximeter (PVM-2701, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) in advance using the validation device (vPad-A1, Metts, Tokyo, Japan) and confirmed that there were no problems with accuracy. The pseudo-signal of light transmitted through living tissue, such as a fingertip, emitted from the verification device was read by the pulse oximeter. We verified whether the value was the same as the vital sign of the validation device.
The PVM-2701 pulse oximeter was then attached to the middle finger of the right hand, while the developed SpO₂ sensor was grasped with the index finger of the right hand so that it contacted the palm surface. SpO₂ values were simultaneously monitored using the two sensors for 30 s (Figure 6). Bland–Altman analysis was performed to determine the agreement between the developed SpO₂ sensor and the commercial pulse oximeter [23 (link),24 (link)]. JMP Pro^® 16.0.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for all statistical analyses.

The animals were made to fast for 24 h before anesthesia. We performed the operation under anesthesia with a solution of 3% pentobarbital sodium injected intramuscularly. Subsequently, the pigs were treated with an oxygen mask and isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. Each pig was intubated with an endotracheal tube and maintained under inhalation anesthesia without a muscle relaxant (Kaiser et al., 2006 (link)). The depth of anesthesia was monitored using pain and corneal reflex tests. The depth of anesthesia was adjusted at all times to ensure that the pig breathed smoothly to prevent convulsions during image acquisition. Three vital signs, including rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate, were continuously monitored using a multifunctional bedside physiological monitor (PVM-2701; Nihon Kohden Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
At the end of the DSCI model generation surgery, a wake-up test was carried out to prevent any false-negative or false-positive MEP signals from occurring. Approximately 30 min after osteotomy stabilization in animal model generation surgery, the pigs were awakened from anesthesia. We tested and observed lower extremity movements and sensory responses to mechanical stimulation.