Ogerin

MCT-1/2 inhibitor AR-C155858, TDAG-8 agonist BTB09089 and OGR-1 agonist ISX-9 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience and OGR-1 allosteric agonist Ogerin was purchased from Sigma. Where drugs were not dissolvable in cell culture media, DMSO was used at final concentration <1% and appropriate vehicle controls included.

Detailed experimental designs, protocols, reagents, and materials are provided in S2 Methods. In brief, PHLFs were isolated from lung tissue as previously described [53 (link),80 (link),81 (link)], and other cell lines were provided by collaborators and are previously described. All tissue was obtained under informed, written consent prior to collection of lung tissue and under the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the University of Rochester RSRB protocol 00000014. An example of the consent form is provided in S12 Consent. The diagnosis of IPF was confirmed using the standard American Thoracic Society pathologic criteria [82 (link)]. Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 protein (R&D Systems), Ogerin (Sigma-Aldrich), or the vehicle (DMSO) were added to media (MEM + 0.5% FBS) at concentrations, duration, and analyzed as indicated in figure legends. Statistical analysis was performed for each dataset using GraphPad Prism. An ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons were used with p < 0.05 considered significant indicated with (*). ^ = p < 0.05, by Two -Way ANOVA with Multiple Comparisons, # = p < 0.05 by unpaired T-test, and NS = Not Significant. All data expressed as indicated on plots and figure legends with individual technical replicates with range or means +/- SEM.