Lambda ez210 uv vis spectrophotometer

UV-vis absorption spectra were performed on a Lambda EZ210 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Fluorescent spectra were performed on an F-7000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan). Both of the excitation and emission slits were maintained at 5.0 nm. The morphology and mean diameter of bi-ligand Cu NCs were performed on a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-2100, Hitachi, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectra were measured on an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, K-Alpha, Thermo, USA). Binding energy calibration was based on C 1s at 284.6 eV. The stabilities and selectivity of bi-ligand Cu NCs were analyzed using an Infinite 200 PRO microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland). The QY of bi-ligand Cu NCs were measured according to an established procedure. Quinine sulfate in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ (literature QY = 0.54) was chosen as a standard. Absolute values were calculated using the standard reference sample that has a fixed and known QY value. In order to minimize reabsorption effects, absorbencies in the 10 mm FL cuvette were kept under 0.1 at the excitation wavelength (340 nm).

UV-vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Lambda EZ210 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Fluorescence spectra were obtained using an F-7000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan). The excitation and emission slits were both maintained at 5.0 nm and 5.0 nm. Versatile disc fluorescence/absorption spectra were recorded on Infinite 200 PRO (Tecan, USA). The morphology and mean diameter of C-dot@β-CD were obtained using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-2100, Hitachi, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (K-Alpha, Thermo, USA). Cyclic voltammetry was carried out on the CHI624A electrochemical system (Chenhua Instrument, USA). Cyclic voltammograms were measured using an electrochemical workstation (Chenhua Instrument CHI624A, USA) with a conventional three-electrode system including a glassy carbon electrode as the working electrode. Ag/AgCl and platinum wire were used as the reference electrode and counter electrode, respectively.^{35 (link)}