Monopotassium phosphate

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), paraformaldehyde, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium dichloride hexahydrate, ammonium carbonate, calcium chloride dihydrate, hydrochloric acid, bovine bile, porcine pepsin, porcine pancreatin and p-toluene-sulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) were obtained from Merck (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Laemmli sample buffer (2 ×) was obtained from Bio-Rad (Lunteren, The Netherlands). Non-heat inactivated non-irradiated fetal bovine calf serum(FBS) with product number FBS-12a was obtained from Capricorn Scientific (Ebsdorfergrund, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid, dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands), and sequencing grade trypsin was obtained from Boehringer Mannheim (Mannheim, Germany). Precast SurePAGE MOPS-Tris PAGE gels were obtained from Genscript (Rijswijk, The Netherlands). Alexa-fluor 594-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin was obtained from Thermo Fisher (Bremen, Germany).

S. boulardii (ATCC 74068) was provided by the (mycology research center, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Tehran). Molasses was purchased from Bidestan Company (Iran) and analyzed for macronutrient. All the chemicals (ferrous sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium chloride, peptone, dextrose, agar, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid) were from Merck (German Company).

All chemicals used were of the analytical reagent grade and of the highest available purity. Sulpiride (SPR), (R)-(+)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol (C₉H₁₃NO, L1), ethanolamine (C₂H₇NO, L2), (S)-(+)-2-amino-1-propanol (C₃H₉NO, L3), 3-amino-1-propanol (C₃H₉NO, L4), (S)-(+)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (C₅H₁₁NO, L5), triethylamine (TEA), ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH₄PF₆) and dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate and monopotassium phosphate were all purchased from Merck and used as received to prepare phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) following methods from the US Pharmacopeia. Eglonyl® 50 mg capsules were purchased from a local pharmacy. Organic solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and included dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) and pentane. dichloromethane and methanol were dried using a suitable drying agent under nitrogen and stored over 3 Å molecular sieves prior to use. Millipore water was used where needed.

Analytical grade chemical reagents (methylene blue, monopotassium phosphate, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and hydrochloric acid) were purchased from Merck Co. Darmstadt, Germany. Dye stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of MB in deionized water, and diluting for desired concentrations.

Galantamine hydrobromide was purchased from Xi'an Yiyang Bio-Tech (Xi'an City, China). Carbopol 940 was bought from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Triethanolamine, propylene glycol, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, disodium monohydrogen phosphate, and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile were obtained from Avantor Performance Materials (Center Valley, PA, USA). All chemicals were of reagent or analytical grade and were used without further purification.