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38 protocols using azure c500

1

Western Blot Analysis of Sciatic Nerve Proteins

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Sciatic nerve segments were lysed and homogenised in Cell Lytic MT lysis buffer with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein samples (20 μg) were treated with reducing agent and sample buffer (Invitrogen) before 10 min incubation at 90 °C. Once cooled samples were run on SDS-PAGE gels (Invitrogen, NuPAGE 4–15% Bis-Tris gel) and transferred to nitrocellulose using an iblot (Invitrogen). The Western blot was performed using standard techniques, visualised and captured using the Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems) and densitometry analysis was performed using Fiji. Whole protein was used as a loading control with the amido black stain (Sigma) where densitometry analysis for each entire lane was used to normalise in Fiji, after being captured using the AzureC500 (Azure Biosystems)67 (link).
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2

Epac and NF-κB Regulation in Retina

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Whole retinal lysates were collected in lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated on a precast Tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen) and blotted on nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in Tris-buffered saline and Tween 20 (TBST; 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20) and 5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, the membranes were treated with Epac1 (ab109415), Epac 2 (ab193665, Abcam), total nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB; #4764), phosphorylated NFκB (Ser 536, #3303), phosphorylated IκB (Ser32, #2859), total IκB (#4812, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), and beta actin (sc-47778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) primary antibodies followed by incubation with secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected with a chemiluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), and data were acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Lysates

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Whole retinal lysates from mice or cell culture lysates were collected in lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated onto a precast Tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen) and blotted on nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween-20) and 5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA), the membranes were treated with acetyl-lysine (1:500, Cat #80178) and IGFBP-3 (1:500, Cat# 76,001; Abcam) or GAPDH and beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) primary antibodies overnight followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit-horseradish peroxidase; Promega, Madison, WI) for 0.5–1.0 h. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected with a chemiluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), and data were acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software. A representative blot for each treatment group is shown.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Retinal Proteins

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Protein samples were obtained from whole retinas homogenized in RIPA lysis buffer (ThermoFisher Scienific) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (5872S; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA). Proteins were separated in a 12% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast gel (BioRad) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (GenHunter Corp., Nashville, TN). To block non-specific staining, membranes were incubated in 5% nonfat dry milk in Tris buffered saline containing 0.3% Tween-20 (TBST) for 2 hours. Membranes were incubated with the antibodies-containing solution overnight at 4°C. Blots were then washed in TBST and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary IgG (1:1000) for 1 hour at room temperature. Antibody-bound protein was visualized using Pierce ECL Western blotting substrate (32106; ThermoFisher Scienific, Waltham, MA). To visualize loading controls, blots were also stained with antibodies against actin. Images were captured using the Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Densitometry of protein bands was performed using ImageJ software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/).
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5

Zymography Assay for Protease Activity

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Protein samples were prepared as described for the Western blot analyses. Proteins were separated on 10% Zymogram Plus (Gelatin) Protein Gels, (ThermoFisher Scientific). Following electrophoresis, proteins were renatured in 1X renaturing buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific) for 30 mins at room temperature, then incubated in 1X developing buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific) overnight at 37º. Gels were rinsed in deionized water and stained with SimplyBlue SafeStain (ThermoFisher Scientific). Gels were imaged with long-wave ultraviolet light using the Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems; Dublin, CA). Active recombinant human MMP-9 (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) was used as a positive control. Densitometry of the digested bands was performed using ImageJ software.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Retinal Proteins

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After appropriate treatments and rinsing with cold PBS, REC or whole retinal lysates were collected into lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein from the cell extracts were separated on the precast tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen), blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20) and 5% (wt/vol) BSA, the membranes was treated with Epac1, PKCzeta, Occludin, ZO-1, VEGF (all from Abcam, San Francisco, CA, USA), or beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) primary antibodies followed by incubation with secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected by chemilluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Data was acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA, USA). Western blot analyses were done using Image Studio Light software (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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7

Apoptotic Pathway Analysis of TXA Treatment

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Multi-apoptotic protein detection arrays (Human Apoptosis Antibody Array Kit; R&D Systems, Inc.) were used to determine possible apoptotic pathways involved in cell death according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were treated with 0 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, or 100 mg/ml TXA for one hour. The protein content of each well was quantified using a Micro bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and read on a microplate reader at 540 nm. Lysate protein concentrations were then normalized in lysis buffer. Cells were cultured in 12-well plates for one hour, with increasing concentrations of TXA with medium (0 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, or 100 mg/ml). Cell supernatants were aspirated and discarded. After blocking of non-specific binding at room temperature for one hour, antibody array membranes were incubated with the cell lysate (1.5 ml) at 4°C overnight and then with a diluted solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin at room temperature for 30 minutes. Visualization of protein expression was carried out by chemiluminescence and signal intensity was quantified using Luminex (Azure c500; Azure Biosystems, Dublin, California). The immunoreactive band density was analyzed using WinImage studio version 5.2 (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska).
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8

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Retinal Proteins

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Retinal cell lysates were collected into lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated onto a pre-cast tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and blocked with TBST (10mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20) and 5% (w/v) BSA. Membranes were treated with HMGB1, IGFBP-3, Epac1(Abcam, Cambridge, MA) or beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) primary antibodies followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected by chemilluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and data was acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Insulin Signaling

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Cell culture lysates were collected into buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated onto pre-cast tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), and blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in TBST (10mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20) and 5% (w/v) BSA, the membranes were treated with antibodies for phosphorylated and total insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate one (IRS-1) phosphorylated on serine 307, total IRS-1, phosphorylated Akt on serine 473 (p-Akt), total Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4, histone 2B (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), and beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) followed by incubation with secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected by chemilluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and data was acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software. A representative blot is shown for each treatment group.
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10

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Total cell lysate and ECM were isolated and resolved by SDS-PAGE in 4% to 20% gels as previously described.17 (link) Resolved gels were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and probed with the following primary antibodies: ACTN (1:750; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), BEST1 (1:500; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), COL4 (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), CRALBP (1:10000),25 (link) EZR (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), LAM (1:1000; Abcam), OCLN (1:1000; Thermo Fisher Scientific), RPE65 (1:500; Millipore), RHO (1:500; Millipore), and TIMP3 (1:250; Abcam). Secondary antibodies were host-specific near-infrared (1:12,500) (LiCor, Lincoln, NE, USA) or horseradish peroxidase conjugated (1:10,000) (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) and signals were detected on the LiCor Odyssey or the Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA, USA) imaging systems. After image acquisition, Western blot data were analyzed quantitatively using LiCor Odyssey 3.0 and/or Image Studio Lite version 5.2 (LiCor) and Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA, USA).
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