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Explore locus sp scanner

Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in Canada

The EXplore Locus SP scanner is a small-animal PET/CT imaging system designed for preclinical research. It combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) modalities to provide high-resolution, functional and anatomical imaging of small animals. The scanner's core function is to enable non-invasive, longitudinal studies of biological processes in small animal models.

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4 protocols using explore locus sp scanner

1

Comprehensive Microarchitectural Analysis of Metaphyseal Tibia

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The metaphyseal tibia was scanned with a micro-CT device (eXplore Locus SPScanner, GE Healthcare, Ontario, Canada) with 72 kVp, 90 μA, and 1,600 ms exposure time and 360° rotation, resulting in 0.0029 mm pixel size. Five hydroxyapatite blocks with defined mineral densities were scanned to transform gray scale values into bone mineral density (mg/cm3). 3D OsteoAnalyze, which was developed for our laboratory, was used to determine bone parameters according to American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) criteria (40 (link), 68 (link)–70 (link)). Total, trabecular and cortical BMD (g/cm2) as well as bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were assessed at the metaphysis. Therefore, two measurements next to the growth plate were performed (3 and 5 mm), and the area in between was cut out. The volume and density of cortical, trabecular and total bone were measured in this field. After turning 90°, the cross-section was used to measure the distal cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), endosteal area (E. Ar), and total area (T. Ar.) of the bone. Thereafter, the cortical bone was cut off, and trabecular structure was analyzed. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabecular nodes (N.Nd), trabecular number (Tb.N), mean trabecular junctions at one node (Tb.N/Nd), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were measured (69 (link), 71 (link)).
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2

In vivo Bone Structure Analysis

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To determine the three-dimensional bone structure in vivo, histomorphometric analyses were performed using a Micro-CT system (eXplore Locus SP scanner GE Healthcare) at 8 μm resolution. For details of micro-CT analysis, refer to the supplementary material method.
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3

High-Resolution Imaging of Bone Microstructure

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Whole left tibiae and femora (n=15/group) were scanned while submerged in Ca-PBS using an eXplore Locus SP scanner (GE Healthcare Pre-Clinical Imaging) at a voxel size of 18μm3 (80 kVp, 80 μA, 1600 ms, 0.508mm Al filter).(32 (link)) Calibration of the scanner using an air/water/Hydroxyapatite (HA) phantom was performed each day of scanning. Regions of interest were analyzed using a combination of GE MicroView software (reorientation, standard site selection, tissue mineral content (TMC) and tissue mineral density (TMD)) and custom-written MATLAB scripts (quantification of cortical geometry). Scans were reoriented to match the alignment of each bone in silico with its eventual alignment during mechanical testing. A 5-slice thick standard site was taken from each reoriented tibia at the point 23.5% of the distance from the tibia-fibula junction to the proximal end of the tibia, closely corresponding to the center of the 3mm mechanical testing span for all bones. Thus, the cortical site analyzed was reproducible from bone to bone and appropriate for calculating tissue level properties from 4-point testing data using classic beam theory. For the femur, a 5-slice standard site was located at the site 48% of its length as measured from the distal condyle. TMC and TMD were measured for both the femur and tibia using a fixed threshold of 2000 Hounsfield Units.
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4

Microcomputed Tomography Analysis of Patellar Enthesis

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Microcomputed tomography (μCT) analysis of the patella was performed prior to decalcification using the eXplore Locus SP scanner (GE Healthcare, London, ON, Canada). 2D images were acquired using an X-ray tube with a voltage of 80 kVP and a current of 80 μA, with a 0.508 mm Al filter. The exposure interval time of the scanner was 1600 msec/frame at 4 frames/view. In total, 900 views were obtained at 0.4 degrees angular increments. The data were reconstructed at a spatial resolution of 13.5 μm. All reconstructed data were calibrated with a cortical bone phantom (SB3; Gammex RMI, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a hydroxyapatite equivalent of 1,100 mg/cc (White 1978), as well as water and air. Data were analyzed with MicroView ABA version 2.2 (GE Healthcare).
For patellar analysis, 5 mice per genotype were used. Quantification of mineral density was performed on 3D cubical volumes of interest (VOIs; 20 × 20 × 20 voxels) identified at the base area, where attachment of the quadriceps tendon occurred.
For measurement of mineral density distribution along the tendon-to-bone insertion, three parallel transverse line measurements were obtained and averaged for each region of interest (ROI). The lines were defined manually along the CFC of the QCT enthesis.
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