FTIR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Invenio spectrometer (Invenio, Germany) with a Platinum ATR module (equipped with a diamond crystal), with wavenumber ranging from 400 to 4000 cm−1 and resolution of 4 cm−1; and each sample was scanned 16 times. XPS spectra were analysed by an Escalab 250XiXPS with a monochromatic Al–Kα X-ray source. SEM (JSM-7500F) was used to observe the surface morphology of the fibres before and after modification. The samples were sprayed with aurum. The pressurized voltage was 15 kV and the resolution was 1.4 nm. TGA (Setaram Labsys Evo, France) was performed for thermal property characterization, where the samples were heated from 0 to 800°C under an N2 flow at a scanning rate of 10°C min−1 XRD (BRUKER AXSLTD, Germany) was used to detect the crystal structure. The fibre sample was fully ground into a powder. The determination conditions were as follows: Cu target, working voltage of 50 kV, current of 100 mA, scanning angle 2θ (Bragg angle) that varied from 5° to 60°, and scanning speed of 0.06° s−1.
Platinum atr module
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany
The Platinum ATR module is a laboratory equipment product designed for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopic analysis. It provides a robust and reliable platform for infrared spectroscopy measurements. The core function of the Platinum ATR module is to facilitate the collection of high-quality infrared spectra from a variety of samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
Invenio spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Alpha ftir spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tensor 27, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Alpha t, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ascend 600 mhz nmr spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Microtof q mass spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Api 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Alpha ftir, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Opus spectroscopy software, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Avance 400, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vertex 70, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Dsc q2000, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Tga q500, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Tensor 37 ftir spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Opus 8, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Impact 2 mass spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vista mpx, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Alpha interferometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vector 22, by Bruker (1 mentions)
11 protocols using platinum atr module
1
Comprehensive Material Characterization of Modified Fibres
2
ATR-FTIR Analysis of UV/O3-Treated COC Surfaces
3
Chitosan Degree of Substitution Analysis
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Powder ATR-FTIR measurements (method 1) were conducted with a Tensor 27 (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) device equipped with a Platinum ATR module (Bruker Corporation). ATR-FTIR spectra from powdered samples were measured by pressing either chitosan or H-chitosan-7.5 against a single reflection diamond within the Golden Gate attachment (Specac, UK), which are given in Figure S4 .
To determine the substitution degree DS%FTIR-1, the procedure of Le Tien [14 (link)] adapted from Moore et al. [24 (link)] was applied, which is based on the intensity ratio of Amide I band of N-acetyl groups and ν(OH) band of hydroxyl groups of chitosan. For the evaluation of DS%, the following equation was used (method 1):
Thereby A1653 and A3450 are the absorbances at 1655 cm−1 and 3450 cm−1, respectively, and 0.27 specifies the acetylation in native chitosan.
To determine the substitution degree DS%FTIR-1, the procedure of Le Tien [14 (link)] adapted from Moore et al. [24 (link)] was applied, which is based on the intensity ratio of Amide I band of N-acetyl groups and ν(OH) band of hydroxyl groups of chitosan. For the evaluation of DS%, the following equation was used (method 1):
Thereby A1653 and A3450 are the absorbances at 1655 cm−1 and 3450 cm−1, respectively, and 0.27 specifies the acetylation in native chitosan.
4
Organic Synthesis Characterization Methods
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Chemicals were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany) or TCI (Eschborn, Germany). Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on TLC plates F254 (Merck) and analyzed using UV light. High resolution mass spectra (HR-MS) were recorded on a micrOTOF-Q mass spectrometer (Bruker), low resolution mass spectra (LR-MS) on an API 2000 (Applied Biosystems) mass spectrometer. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3 or (CD3)2SO on a Bruker Ascend 600 MHz NMR-spectrometer operating at 600.18 MHz (1H), and 150.93 MHz (13C). Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm and are referenced to the chemical shifts of the residual solvent proton(s) present in chloroform δ [(CHCl3) = 7.26 ppm for the 1H NMR spectra and δ (CDCl3) = 77.16 ppm for the 13C NMR spectra] and in dimethylsulfoxide δ ((CH3)2SO) = 2.50 ppm for the 1H NMR spectra and δ ((CD3)2SO) = 39.52 ppm for the 13C NMR spectra. Multiplicity: s, singlet; d, doublet; q, quartet; m, multiplet. Coupling constants (J) are shown in Hertz (Hz). The infrared spectra were recorded as solid samples on an ALPHA-T (Bruker) with a Platinum ATR Module using the Opus software. The IR spectra were measured in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode in the region of 4,000–385 cm−1 (s, strong; m, medium; w, weak) and are reported in cm−1.
5
Investigating Water Presence in PDMS-SA
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The presence of water in PDMS-SA and pristine PDMS samples after contact with the aqueous model buffer was investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Two sets of samples were analysed, namely dry samples (with no contact with liquid media after the cleaning process) and “water-exposed” samples, kept for 24 h in 4 ml of release media at 37 °C. ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired using a Bruker Alpha FT-IR with Platinum ATR module with a resolution of 4 cm−1. Each spectrum was the average of 24 scans. Sample spectra were collected within 400 cm−1 and 4000 cm−1 range and analysed using OPUS Spectroscopy Software (Bruker). SA was not detected by ATR-FTIR on any of the samples due to the limited depth penetration of the ATR configuration, allowing to probe only the sample interface, far from the specific location of SA within PDMS-SA bulk, i.e. ≈150 µm away from the surface.
6
Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis of Ionic Liquids
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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were performed on a spectrometer (Bruker Avance 400) operating at a 1H frequency of 400 MHz. Fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded with a resolution of 2 cm−1 on a spectrometer (Bruker Vertex 70) in ATR mode (Bruker Platinum ATR module). TGA and DSC analysis were carried out on a TA Instruments TGA Q500 and a TA Instruments DSC Q2000 respectively, in aluminium sample pans with a heating/cooling rate of 10 °C min−1 operating under a nitrogen flow of 60 mL min−1. Ionic liquids were pre-dried for 60 min at 80 °C prior to the TGA measurement. Vacuum measurement were carried out with a digital manometer (Pfeiffer TPG 201). Disposable funnel filters (Chemrus® disposable filter funnel, PP body with PE fritted disk, 18 mL, 25 mm Ø, 10 μm pore Ø) were used for the sample filtration (with exception of the fluoride samples, which melted PP plastics).
7
FTIR Analysis of Hydrogenated Milk Lipids
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FTIR absorption measurements of HM lipids were performed at room temperature using a Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR spectrometer (Ettlingen, Germany) equipped with a Bruker Optics Platinum ATR module and a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe (mercury cadmium telluride) detector. IR spectra of one drop of pure HM fat were acquired in the range from 600 to 4000 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 2 cm−1 in a double-sided acquisition mode. A total of 128 scans (52 s acquisition time) were averaged per spectrum, which was calculated using a Blackman-Harris 3-term apodization function and a zero-filling factor of 2. After each HM fat measurement, the ATR crystal was cleaned with Glucopon 600 CS UP solution (~50% in water, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and water to recover the initial baseline signal. In order to reduce the influence of water vapor from the atmosphere on the recorded spectra, the instrument was constantly flushed with dry air. Spectra were acquired and analyzed using the software package OPUS 8.1 (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany).
8
Characterization of Sodium Silicate Activators
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The produced activators were analyzed using FTIR-ATR and X-ray diffraction tests and compared to a standard anhydrous sodium silicate (EastChem, Qingdao, China). The FTIR tests were performed on a Bruker 400 MHz, model ALPHA, operating with a Platinum ATR module, with 4 cm−1 resolution over 24 scans.
9
Characterization of Inorganic Compounds
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All chemicals used within this study were purchased from commercial suppliers and used as received. The measurements of 1H and 13C spectra have been performed on Bruker Avance (400 MHz) and Avance III (600 MHz) NMR spectrometer. The multiplicities are given with the following abbreviations: s = singlet, bs = broad singlet, d = doublet, dd = doublet of a doublet, t = triplet, tt = triplet of a triplet, q = quartet, quint = quintet, sext = sextet, m = multiplet. IR-spectroscopy has been performed by the FT-IR-spectrometer alpha-T from Bruker with a platinum-ATR-module. The spectra consider a range of 400 to 4000 cm−1. The high-resolution mass spectra were measured with an Impact II mass spectrometer from Bruker. The samples for the IR experiments were mixed with the respective mineral by suspension in methanol and then dried. The mixing ratio was 50 : 50.
The chemical analysis of gehlenite was performed with a Varian model Vista MPX and with an evaluation program from Varian. The sample was digested in two steps. In the first step, aqua regia was used, followed by diluted HF (0.8%) in the second. The value shown is the average of three measurements. Lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) was bought from Alfa Aesar. Gehlenite was provided by the Institute of Mineral and Waste Processing, Recycling and Circular Economy Systems, Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
The chemical analysis of gehlenite was performed with a Varian model Vista MPX and with an evaluation program from Varian. The sample was digested in two steps. In the first step, aqua regia was used, followed by diluted HF (0.8%) in the second. The value shown is the average of three measurements. Lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) was bought from Alfa Aesar. Gehlenite was provided by the Institute of Mineral and Waste Processing, Recycling and Circular Economy Systems, Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
10
Surface Composition Analysis via ALPHA ATR-FTIR
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