Pcu 2000

Manufactured by Millar

Sourced in United States, Australia

The PCU-2000 is a laboratory equipment device designed for precise temperature control. It functions as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, capable of regulating the temperature of connected systems with high accuracy.

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Lab products found in correlation

Spr 671, by Millar (3 mentions) Labchart pro v8, by ADInstruments (2 mentions) Spr 350s, by Millar (1 mentions) Labview 15, by National Instruments (1 mentions) Micro 1401, by Cambridge Electronic Design (1 mentions) Labchart 7, by ADInstruments (1 mentions) Labview 6, by National Instruments (1 mentions) At mio 16xe 50, by National Instruments (1 mentions) Evis exera 2 clv 180, by Olympus (1 mentions) Powerlab, by ADInstruments (1 mentions) Labchart, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)

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PCU-2000 pressure control unit (8 citations)

12 protocols using pcu 2000

Multimodal Cardiac Hemodynamic Assessment

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For ventricular and pulmonary flow, an ultrasonic transit time flow system (PXL11, PXL25, TS410; Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, USA) was used. For right ventricular and pulmonary pressure measurements, micro-tip pressure catheters (SPR-350S; Millar Instruments, Houston, TX, USA) were used and amplified with a two-channel pressure control unit (PCU-2000; Millar Instruments). The pressure sensors were calibrated and zeroed prior to each experiment.
For echocardiographic measurements, a 2D-linear probe (GE 9l-RS Probe; GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway) was used on the pulmonary trunk. Images were obtained in a short-axis view at the level of the sinuses and in long-axis views projecting through each of the 3 commissures. The leaflets of the valves will be referred to as the anterior cusp (AC), right cusp (RC) and left cusp (LC) and the 3 long-axis echocardiographic views as LC–AC, AC–RC and RC–LC.

Carlson Hanse L., Tjørnild M.J., Sørensen S.G., Johansen P., Lugones I, & Hjortdal V.E. (2022). Trileaflet semilunar valve reconstruction: pulsatile in vitro evaluation. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 35(4), ivac227.

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Right Ventricular Pressure Measurement

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Under general anesthesia (isoflurane), the right external jugular vein was exposed surgically and cannulated with a 1.4F Mikro-Tip catheter pressure transducer (SPR-671; Millar Instruments, Houston, TX). The catheter was advanced into the RV and tip pressure was measured via a dual channel pressure control unit (PCU-2000; Millar Instruments).

Middleton R.C., Fournier M., Xu X., Marbán E, & Lewis M.I. (2017). Therapeutic benefits of intravenous cardiosphere-derived cell therapy in rats with pulmonary hypertension. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0183557.

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Left Ventricular Hemodynamics and Mitral Valve Assessment

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The signal from the pressure Mikro-Tip catheters was amplified with a pressure control unit (PCU-2000, Millar Instruments) and analyzed off-line. A CardioMed system was used for the ECG (Model 4008, CardioMed A/S, Oslo, Norway). Left ventricular hemodynamic data signals were recorded for 10 consecutive heart cycles using dedicated virtual instrumentation software (LabVIEW 15.0, National Instruments, Austin, Tex).
The echocardiographic data were stored for off-line analysis using EchoPAC 113.0.4 (GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS). Systole was defined as 1 frame before the S-peak and diastole as 1 frame after the T-peak on the electrocardiogram. The measurement technique used has been described. 13 The hemodynamic echocardiographic parameters were performed by continuous-wave Doppler across the mitral valve and pulsed-wave Doppler along the LVOT with standard placing of the marker. 19 The parameters reported are calculated using the standard built-in functions in EchoPAC. The overall interactions of the leaflets were visualized with a 3-dimensional ventricular view of the mitral valve and long-axis M-mode view of the mitral valve leaflets.

Tjørnild M.J., Carlson Hanse L., Skov S.N., Poulsen K.B., Sharghbin M., Benhassen L.L., Waziri F., Røpcke D.M., Nielsen S.L, & Hasenkam J.M. (2020). Entire mitral reconstruction with porcine extracellular matrix in an acute porcine model. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 160(1).

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Intraluminal Pressure Measurement Methodology

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Each pressure transducer catheter was connected via pressure cables (PEC-10D, cat # 850–5090, Millar Inc.) to a transducer (PCU-2000, cat # 880–0129, Millar Inc.). The signal was acquired via a Micro1401 analog-to-digital interface (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) at 100 samples/s, and recorded with Spike 2 version 7.10 data acquisition software (Cambridge Electronic Design). The system was calibrated by using known pressures at 0, 20, 40, and 60 mmHg at the start of each experiment to convert voltage output to intraluminal pressure. Abdominal contractions and breathing artifacts were excluded by smoothing the original trace with a time constant of 2 s. Recording of motility data began after surgery was completed and continued for at least 30 min for stabilization of baseline motility, and then for at least another 30 min following completion of the stimulation experiment.

Larauche M., Wang Y., Wang P.M., Dubrovsky G., Lo Y.K., Hsiang E.L., Dunn J.C., Taché Y., Liu W, & Million M. (2020). The effect of colonic tissue electrical stimulation and celiac branch of the abdominal vagus nerve neuromodulation on colonic motility in anesthetized pigs. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society, 32(11), e13925.

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Carotid Artery Cannulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Mice

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Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane in medical-grade oxygen (4% for induction and 1.3–1.8% for maintenance). A midline incision was made in the neck and either left or right common carotid artery (on the opposite side of vagal stimulation) was carefully exposed and cannulated with a mouse pressure catheter (SPR-1000 Mikro-tip, Millar), which was connected to the pressure control unit (PCU2000, Millar) for recording of blood pressure. The cervical esophagus was carefully exposed without any damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and cannulated with a polyethylene tubing (OD 1 mm; ID 0.6 mm) which was connected to a pressure transducer. The abdominal diaphragm was exposed through an oblique incision just below the rib cage and by gently pressing down the liver and hooked with two electrodes for recording of diaphragmatic electromyography (dEMG) for respiratory activity (Figure 1B). The outputs from the esophageal pressure transducer and the dEMG were filtered and amplified (Neurolog Systems, Digitimer, Hertfordshire, UK). All outputs were then digitized (Micro1401 A-D converter, CED, Cambridge, UK) and recorded using Spike II software (CED, Cambridge, UK) for offline analysis. The left or right cervical vagus nerve was carefully exposed and separated from the surrounding tissues with blunt dissection for electrical or optical stimulation.

Moe A.A., Bautista T.G., Trewella M.W., Korim W.S., Yao S.T., Behrens R., Driessen A.K., McGovern A.E, & Mazzone S.B. (2024). Investigation of vagal sensory neurons in mice using optical vagal stimulation and tracheal neuroanatomy. iScience, 27(3), 109182.

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Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment of RV and LV

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Hemodynamic measurements and echocardiography were done on the day of the terminal experiment. Systolic and diastolic RV and LV pressures were measured using a 3F high‐fidelity pressure‐tipped catheter. For analog digital converter we used CD Leycom Sigma 5/DF (Hengelo, The Netherlands) for volumes and Millar PCU‐2000 (Houston, TX) for pressures. The software used was Notocord version 4.2 (Croissy Sur Seine, France).

Nielsen E.A., Okumura K., Sun M., Hjortdal V.E., Redington A.N, & Friedberg M.K. (2017). Regional septal hinge‐point injury contributes to adverse biventricular interactions in pulmonary hypertension. Physiological Reports, 5(14), e13332.

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Dobutamine Stress Test in Mice

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Mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and placed on a surgical monitoring board to collect ECG and maintain body heat (Indus, Rodent Surgical Monitor+). Hemodynamics were acquired from a pressure catheter and controller (Millar, SPR‐671 and PCU‐2000) inserted in the right common carotid artery and pushed to the left ventricle. For stress tests, a fluid‐filled catheter inserted in the left jugular vein was connected to a syringe pump to perform a step‐by‐step ramped dobutamine infusion maintained for 2 minutes at each step (dose range, 2–12 ng/g per minute).¹³ Data were analyzed using standard mouse settings without excluding “outlier” beats and binned into 10‐second block averages from baseline throughout the dose response curve (AD Instruments, Powerlab 8/8, Labchart Pro v8.1.13, Blood Pressure module v1.4).

McLendon J.M., Zhang X., Matasic D.S., Kumar M., Koval O.M., Grumbach I.M., Sadayappan S., London B, & Boudreau R.L. (2022). Knockout of Sorbin And SH3 Domain Containing 2 (Sorbs2) in Cardiomyocytes Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 11(13), e025687.

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Pressure Monitoring of Cardiomyocyte Tube

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A Y connector (MAP101, MERIT MEDICAL, South Jordan, UT, USA) was connected to a silicon tube of the upper reactor tank. A pressure catheter (SPR-671-1.4Fr, Millar, Houston, TX, USA) was inserted into the Y connector to detect the inner pressure changes according to the spontaneous pulsation of the cardiomyocyte tube three days after circulation commencement. The tip of the inserted catheter via silicon tube was installed in the inner center of the cardiomyocyte tube. The inner pressure was collected and recorded with a pressure control unit (PCU-2000, Millar), and the output data was analyzed with a Power Lab (LP3508, ADInstruments, New South Wales, Australia) and Lab Chart 7 (ADInstruments). Peak positive dP/dt and peak negative dP/dt data were obtained based on the trend data of the inner pressure with a Lab Chart.

Tsuruyama S., Matsuura K., Sakaguchi K, & Shimizu T. (2019). Pulsatile tubular cardiac tissues fabricated by wrapping human iPS cells-derived cardiomyocyte sheets. Regenerative Therapy, 11, 297-305.

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Thermodilution Cardiac Output Measurement

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Thermodilution cardiac output was measured in duplicate after bolus injection of normal saline (5 ml) into the right atrium (HP-Philips M012AT cardiac output module, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Cardiac output was normalized to body surface area using the Kelley equation (body surface area [m²] = 0.073·body-weight^2/3 [kg]) [27] (link). Aortic and left ventricular pressure signals were calibrated with a built-in calibration system (PCU-2000, Millar). Other pressure signals were zeroed to mid-cavity level. All signals were sampled and digitized at 250 Hz using a 16-bit data acquisition board (AT-MIO-16XE-50; National Instruments, Austin, TX) and analyzed using custom developed software (Labview 6.0, National Instruments).

Borovnik-Lesjak V., Whitehouse K., Baetiong A., Miao Y., Currie B.M., Velmurugan S., Radhakrishnan J, & Gazmuri R.J. (2014). Effects of Intraosseous Erythropoietin during Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e110908.

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Intra-Abdominal Pressure Measurement Techniques

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The reference measurement of IAP was obtained by a wired sensor in the intra-peritoneal position (WIP) placed through the right lateral trocar. The reference measurement of intra-gastric pressure was obtained by positioning a wired sensor in the stomach (WIG).
The WIP and WIG sensors were wired sensors (catheter pressure transducer MPR 500 Millar) connected to a control box (PCU-2000 Millar). These sensors allow the measurement of absolute pressure and can be used in air and in liquids. Their accuracy is ±1.5 mmHg, and their measuring range extends from −50 to +300 mmHg. The WIP and WIG were connected to a Slice Nano acquisition box (18-channel DTS), allowing simultaneous recording at a frequency of 20 Hz.
The WIG was placed thanks to a video return endoscope (Olympus, Evis Exera II CLV-180). The WIP was lowered through the laparoscopic side trocar sleeve, protruding into the peritoneal cavity by 5 cm. The positioning of the sensor tip was checked by laparoscopic vision from the medial trocar; the sensor cable was secured to the trocar by adhesive tape.

Soucasse A., Jourdan A., Edin L., Meunier E., Bege T, & Masson C. (2023). Assessment of the Smartpill, a Wireless Sensor, as a Measurement Tool for Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP). Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 24(1), 54.

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