Cst 9475

The primary antibodies used for immunocytochemistry included rabbit anti-zonula occludin (ZO)-1 (617300; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), mouse anti-ZO-1 (339100; Invitrogen), mouse anti-cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP; ab15051; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-paired box 6 (Pax-6; PRB-278P; BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), and mouse anti-Bestrophin (BEST)1 (ab2182; Abcam). The secondary antibodies used were goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, 594, or 647 (Life Technologies). For Western blotting, the antibodies used included rabbit anti-PGC1 alpha (NBP1-04676; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), rabbit anti-b-Actin (CST 4967S; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-PTEN (CST 9552S; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-SIRT1 (CST 9475; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-SIRT3 (ab217319; Abcam), rabbit anti-TFAM (CST 8076S; Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-TOMM20 (ab56783; Abcam), and mouse anti-VDAC (ab14734; Abcam). The secondary antibodies used were goat anti-mouse IgG and goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L; Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA). The details of the antibodies used are listed in Supplementary Table S2.

Protein was extracted from mouse atrial tissue (Con n=5, DM n=5) after sufficient grinding and lysis. The antibodies used in the experiment were as follows: anti-PARP-1 (1:3000, ab227244; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-AMPK (1:3000, ab32047; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Sirt1 (1:1000, cst9475; Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), anti-pan-Akt (1:500, ab8805; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-IKKα (1:10,000, ab32041; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-NF-κB (1:1000, cst8242; Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), anti-NLRP3 (1:3000, ab214185; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and anti-GAPDH (1:5000, sc-25778; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA).