The fidelity of chemical identification was defined at four levels according to the published guidelines for metabolomics [22] .
3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), 3,5ihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), and 3,5dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3,5-DHPPA) were annotated using an in-house database, which includes retention time and MS/ MS spectra of authentic standards. Some of the lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) that were not present in the in-house standard database were identified using a previously described Matlab function [23] . The authentic standards, trans-2-octenoylcarnitine (CN(C8:1)),
5-Heneicosylresorcinol (AR(C21:0)), nonadecylresorcinol (AR(C19:0)), and human liver S9 and microsomes were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. MS/MS spectra were compared with comparable spectra in available databases, such as METLIN, HMDB, mzCloud and produced by in-silico fragmentation tools such as CFM-ID, FingerID and lipidmaps. Glucuronide conjugates of CMPF, AR(C19:0), AR(C21:1), 3,5-DHBA and 3,5-DHPPA were produced using human liver S9 as described previously [24] . CMHPF, a hydroxylated metabolite of CMPF, was produced by incubating CMPF with liver microsomes [25, 26] and the identity confirmed as described in Supplementary Fig. 2, whereas the annotation CPF and CMPentylF was based on MS/MS matches with CMPF.
Gürdeniz G., Uusitupa M., Hermansen K., Savolainen M.J., Schwab U., Kolehmainen M., Brader L., Cloetens L., Herzig K.H., Hukkanen J., Rosqvist F., Ulven S.M., Gunnarsdóttir I., Thorsdottir I., Oresic M., Poutanen K.S., Risérus U., Åkesson B, & Dragsted L.O. (2022). Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 41(2).